Corps et Psychisme. Recherches en Psychanalyse et Sciences Humaines
The journal Corps et Psychisme: Recherches en Psychanalyse et Sciences Humaines is a biannual, peer-reviewed journal. Each issue contains around scientific research articles, as well as book reviews, critiques of one or more artistic events, and articles on a topic other than the main theme. Open to interdisciplinarity, it publishes issues focusing on the body not only in psychosomatic terms but also in contemporary issues, politics, art, philosophy, and scientific discoveries. And it does so while maintaining a psychoanalytic framework open to new extensions. The journal Corps et Psychisme is historically part of the continuity of the journal Champ Psychosomatique (Champ Psy), itself the continuation of the Revue de médecine psychosomatique et de psychologie médicale created in 1958 by the psychiatrists Michel Sapir and Léon Chertok. Our journal has long belonged to the field of academic journals. The publications it offers have an academic format.
Challenges of Scientific Research in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
The world today is witnessing an unprecedented scientific revolution driven by the development of artificial intelligence (AI), which has come to play a central role in various fields, particularly in scientific research. Researchers have increasingly come to rely on artificial intelligence tools to analyze data, detect patterns, and accelerate publication processes. Yet despite these advantages, this intelligent era raises numerous methodological, ethical, and epistemological challenges that call for a reflective and critical examination.
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Quantum Feedback Control in Noisy Systems: Towards Fault-Tolerant Quantum Operations
In order to provide fault-tolerant quantum operations, quantum feedback control has become a vital technique for reducing the effects of noise and decoherence in quantum systems. For the successful application of quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing in noisy quantum settings, the coherence of quantum states must be preserved. the fundamentals of quantum feedback control, emphasizing techniques for correction and real-time monitoring that maintain quantum coherence. a number of feedback control strategies, such as continuous quantum measurement, quantum error correction codes, and adaptive control methods that modify system parameters on the fly. We demonstrate how these methods enhance system robustness and open the door to scalable and dependable quantum operations by examining recent developments in the field. provides insights into the future of developing fault-tolerant quantum systems that can function in noisy environments and addresses the difficulties related to feedback control in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era.
The Role of Transformational-Generative Grammar in Language Teaching and Learning
Transformational-Generative Grammar has contributed to a shift in language pedagogy from rote memorization and repetition toward competence-oriented approaches emphasizing linguistic competence, cognitive development, and creativity. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study highlights the role of this theory in rethinking language teaching practices and enhancing learners’ linguistic abilities. The study concludes that TG Grammar supports a transition from mechanical learning to a more cognitive and generative understanding of language. It further recommends integrating its principles into language curricula and developing more effective pedagogical strategies.
Evaluating the Effect of Acupressure on Labor Pain and Childbirth Outcomes
Labor pain is one of the most intense forms of pain experienced by women during childbirth. Effective pain management is essential to promote maternal comfort, reduce anxiety, and improve the overall childbirth experience. While pharmacological methods such as epidural analgesia are commonly used, they may be associated with side effects and increased healthcare costs. Consequently, there is growing interest in complementary and non-pharmacological interventions such as acupressure for labor pain management. The reviewed studies indicate that acupressure may significantly reduce labor pain intensity and maternal anxiety during childbirth. Women receiving acupressure reported greater comfort and satisfaction with their childbirth experience compared to control groups. Several studies also demonstrated positive effects on labor outcomes, including shorter duration of labor, improved cervical dilation, reduced need for pharmacological pain relief, and increased rates of normal vaginal delivery. No significant adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes were reported, suggesting that acupressure is a safe intervention when administered appropriately. Evidence suggests that acupressure is an effective and safe complementary therapy for managing labor pain and improving childbirth outcomes. Its non-invasive nature, low cost, ease of application, and minimal side effects make it a valuable option in maternity care settings. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to establish standardized protocols and strengthen the evidence supporting its routine use during labor.
Manifestations of Travel Writing in Algerian Literature: A Reading of Selected Works
This study examines Algerian travel literature as a multifaceted cultural and intellectual phenomenon through selected representative travel narratives produced by Algerian scholars and writers. It aims to analyze the cultural, intellectual, and social dimensions embedded in these texts and to highlight their role in documenting historical realities and shaping cultural identity. The study adopts both descriptive-analytical and historical approaches to trace the evolution of travel writing in Algeria and to interpret its thematic diversity. The findings reveal that Algerian travel literature functions not only as a record of movement but also as a medium for knowledge production, cultural exchange, and identity construction. The study concludes that Algerian travel narratives constitute a valuable documentary heritage that requires further critical editing, preservation, and academic exploration.
Acupressure as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological conditions affecting adolescent girls and young women. It is characterized by painful menstrual cramps occurring in the absence of identifiable pelvic pathology. The condition can significantly interfere with daily activities, academic performance, work productivity, and quality of life. Although pharmacological treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and oral contraceptives are widely used, concerns regarding side effects and long-term medication use have increased interest in non-pharmacological approaches such as acupressure. The reviewed studies indicate that acupressure can significantly reduce the intensity and duration of menstrual pain among women with primary dysmenorrhea. Participants receiving acupressure reported improvements in pain relief, reduced use of analgesic medications, and enhanced ability to perform daily activities. Several studies also demonstrated positive effects on associated symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, headache, and emotional discomfort. Acupressure was generally found to be safe, inexpensive, easy to administer, and associated with minimal adverse effects. Evidence suggests that acupressure is an effective and safe non-pharmacological intervention for managing primary dysmenorrhea. Its ability to alleviate menstrual pain and improve overall well-being makes it a valuable complementary therapy for women seeking alternatives to medication-based treatments. However, further high-quality randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and standardized intervention protocols are required to strengthen the evidence base and support clinical recommendations.
The Transmission of Papermaking from the Islamic West to Europe during the Medieval Period: The Seventh Century AH/Thirteenth Century CE: A Historical and Civilizational Study
Human history has witnessed decisive turning points closely linked to the development of media for transmitting knowledge. Papermaking ranks among the foremost technologies that reshaped human consciousness and ensured the circulation and continuity of ideas across generations. While the Islamic East provided the formative environment in which this craft developed from a rudimentary practice into an established industry, the Islamic West, particularly al-Andalus and the Maghreb, constituted the principal strategic bridge and intellectual center through which the technology reached Europe. The transmission of papermaking involved more than the transfer of a manual craft or commercial commodity. It helped dismantle the monopoly on knowledge created by reliance on parchment and papyrus and laid the material foundations for the development of scholarly institutions and universities in medieval Europe. This study traces the routes by which papermaking technology was transmitted, identifies its principal centers, and examines the most significant views expressed by Orientalist scholars on the subject.
Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings: Balancing Cultural Preservation with Modern Functional Requirements
The conservation of heritage buildings has become an increasingly important aspect of sustainable urban development as cities strive to preserve their cultural identity while meeting contemporary social, economic, and functional demands. Many historic structures possess significant architectural, historical, and cultural value, yet they often face deterioration, abandonment, or demolition due to changing urban needs and inadequate maintenance. Adaptive reuse has emerged as an effective conservation strategy that revitalizes heritage buildings by assigning them new functions while preserving their historical character and architectural integrity. This approach not only safeguards cultural heritage but also contributes to sustainable development by reducing construction waste, conserving natural resources, and extending the life cycle of existing buildings. the role of adaptive reuse in balancing cultural preservation with modern functional requirements. It explores the theoretical foundations, guiding principles, and practical approaches to adaptive reuse, emphasizing the integration of contemporary technologies, sustainable building practices, and heritage conservation standards. The study discusses key considerations including structural rehabilitation, accessibility, energy efficiency, fire and safety compliance, digital documentation, Building Information Modeling (BIM), and climate-responsive retrofitting while maintaining the authenticity and historical significance of heritage structures.
The Omission of the Subject of Predication (Musnad Ilayh) in Surah Ya-Sin - A Rhetorical Study in the Exegesis of Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yusuf Atfayyish -
This study examines the phenomenon of the Predicand (musnad ilayh) omission (subject ellipsis) in Surah Ya-Sin through the methodological lens of Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yusuf Atfayyish (1236–1332 AH/1820–1914 CE) in his Qur’anic commentary The Facilitation of Exegesis (Taysir al-Tafsir). The study aims to uncover the rhetorical and grammatical dimensions of this phenomenon, analyze the rhetorical purposes that govern it, and compare Atfayyish’s approach with those of earlier rhetorical exegetes—most notably al-Zamakhshari (d. 538 AH/1144 CE) and Abu al-Su‘ud (d. 982AH/1574 CE). The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology in examining the exegetical texts and a comparative methodology in tracing points of convergence and divergence among the exegetes. The study concludes that Atfayyish made a distinctive contribution to the development of rhetorical exegesis through his precise integration of grammatical analysis and rhetorical deduction, while preserving the distinctive character of the Ibadi school of exegesis.
How the Art Market Has Changed and NFT Art
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are revolutionizing the world of contemporary digital art by challenging traditional notions of ownership, legitimacy, and art exchange. New Financial Tokens (NFTs) are separate digital assets safeguarded by blockchain technology that enable the tokenization and sale of digital artworks with verified ownership and authenticity. Explores the rise of NFT art and its effects on the global art market, creative practices, and digital culture. how NFTs have replaced traditional middlemen like galleries and auction houses with direct connection between creators and consumers, creating new opportunities for digital artists to make a living. By facilitating transparent and traceable ownership records, blockchain technology has finally put an end to copyright and duplication concerns that have persisted for years. Digital works such as music, graphics, animations, virtual collectibles, and multimedia artworks can now be monetized by artists throughout the world using NFT platforms. Not to mention how NFTs have altered the value of art in the contemporary period and the state of the market. This new way of investing in art has attracted collectors, artists, celebrities, and techies to the ever-growing NFT marketplaces. While NFT trading has become more commercialized and speculative, it has also sparked conversations about the cultural importance of digital ownership, sustainability, market instability, and the authenticity of art.
An Analysis of Social Marketing Theory and the Dilemma of Marketing between Societal Values and the Demands of Globalization
The topic of consumption and the consumer has become one of the controversial topics, particularly with the shift in the values of production and consumption, as well as the relationship between the producer, the seller and the consumer. This triad has been influenced by the values of globalization and social changes the international community has witnessed following the industrial revolution, technological advancements and digital revolution. This has led to the rise of modern values and ethics in economics and product marketing, especially with the emergence of electronic or digital marketing, in addition to the shift from the traditional consumption to the electronic consumption, which has affected the ethics of marketing, consumer products and the ethics of consumer behavior itself. This has prompted researchers, social theorists and economists to develop modern theories in order to study the marketing ethics and consumption patterns. Marketing and consumption are both linked to the social aspect of the consumer, which means that the impact of the social environment on the consumer, the producer and the marketer is what determines the marketing pattern and ethics.
How Automated Feature Learning Compares to Feature Engineering and How It Affects Model Performance
Machine learning's foundational techniques for extracting insights from unstructured data include automated feature learning and feature engineering. Feature engineering has traditionally relied on domain specialists to manually design and select appropriate features in order to improve model interpretability and performance in structured data environments. While deep learning is the primary driver of automatic feature learning, it also enables models to construct hierarchical representations from raw data directly without explicit human input. comparing the implications on model performance, scalability, and generalizability of automated feature learning against feature engineering. This study explores the ways in which handcrafted features might enhance performance in domain-specific or low-data scenarios, in contrast to automated methods that excel at handling large-scale, high-dimensional data such as photographs, text, and audio. The study also evaluates trade-offs according to computational complexity, interpretability, and development effort. Furthermore, the article highlights hybrid approaches that optimize performance through the integration of domain knowledge and machine learning. It gives examples from many domains, like as healthcare, banking, and natural language processing, to illustrate how choosing a feature method impacts model performance.
From Arabic to Latin: Translation as a Bridge for the Transmission of Knowledge from Islamic Civilization to Western Europe.
As a result of the contact and interaction between the East and the West during the Middle Ages, a number of scholars became interested in studying Eastern languages, particularly Arabic, and translated numerous scientific works into Latin. Many translators gained prominence, such as Adelard of Bath from the city of Bath in England, who was regarded as a pioneer of Arabic studies in the Middle Ages and an important figure in the history of Western Europe. He was the first to insist on the necessity of relying on Arabic sources of knowledge, which were then known by their Latin designation “Arabum Studia”. Another notable figure was Gerard of Cremona, who traveled to Toledo, mastered the Arabic language, and devoted himself to translating Arabic works, rendering into Latin more than seventy-eight treatises in philosophy, medicine, mathematics, and other fields. Likewise, Michael Scot, who spent his final years at the court of Frederick II, produced significant translations in natural philosophy and the sciences. These translators moved to various Islamic regions, including al-Andalus and Sicily, accompanied the Crusader campaigns, and endured the hardships of travel, learning, and manuscript collection for the purpose of translation. They became deeply immersed in Arab culture and adopted the Arabic scientific method. Upon returning to their homelands, they served as ambassadors of knowledge in the West. Their translations contributed significantly to the scientific awakening of Europe, making them among the earliest Orientalists of the Middle Ages and some of the most important agents in the transmission of culture and knowledge between East and West. For this reason, I have chosen this study to highlight the role of translation in the transfer of sciences and manuscripts from the Muslim world to Western Europe.
Machine Learning-Based Market Forecasting Models for AI-Assisted Financial Prediction
More accurate data-driven projections of market behavior are now available to financial forecasters thanks to artificial intelligence (AI). The non-linear patterns, volatility, and complexity of financial markets are so great that traditional methods of forecasting often fall behind. On the flip side, machine learning models can scour real-time and historical data sets for patterns, anomalies, and correlations to enhance their prediction capabilities. Decision trees, regression algorithms, support vector machines (SVMs), and deep learning structures like neural networks and recurrent models are the most common machine learning models used in artificial intelligence (AI) financial forecasting. how these models use a plethora of data, such as past prices, economic indicators, and sentiment studies extracted from social media and news, to forecast market trends, financial risks, and stock values. Concerns about data quality, overfitting, the interpretability of models, and market unpredictability are some of the downsides of using AI for forecasting. Accurate predictions are possible with the application of tactics for risk management, model optimization, and careful feature selection.
The Developmental Dimensions of Algeria’s Experience in Adult Education and Literacy Eradication
Illiteracy is widely regarded as a manifestation of social, economic, and cultural underdevelopment in developing countries, including Algeria. Its eradication should therefore constitute an integral component of every project or plan intended to advance national development. To this end, the Algerian state adopted a strategic plan to combat and eradicate illiteracy and established educational centers and institutions to provide instruction to this segment of the population. Against this background, the present article identifies and analyzes the constituent elements of the developmental dimensions of literacy eradication. It further examines the substantive content and effectiveness of these efforts in freeing Algerian society from ignorance, intolerance, and underdevelopment. Finally, it considers the educational plans designed to eradicate illiteracy and highlights the role of adult education in enabling learners to participate consciously and effectively in the broader process of national development.
The Influence of Cryptocurrency on Global Financial Systems
Cryptocurrency is a game-changer in the world of finance; it is changing the game for storing, conducting, and regulating financial transactions. Digital currencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, which are based on the blockchain technology, provide an alternative to centralized banking and payment systems that is decentralized, secure, and transparent. While their meteoric rise has presented exciting new possibilities for investment, international trade, and financial inclusion, it has also posed serious challenges to long-established banking systems and regulatory frameworks. the ways in which bitcoin has altered monetary policy, investment habits, and payment systems around the world. the ways in which cryptocurrency promotes financial innovation, decreases reliance on middlemen, and speeds up and cheapens international transactions. The widespread use of digital assets by banks, hedge funds, and other financial institutions and IT firms.
Contemporary Trends in the In-Service Training of Middle School Teachers: An Analytical and Applied Approach
This study seeks to shed light on the most prominent contemporary trends in the in-service training of middle-school teachers, through an analytical reading of their theoretical foundations and philosophical underpinnings. It adopts a descriptive-analytical method grounded in the analysis of relevant educational literature, linking theoretical frameworks to the reality of the training system in Algeria. The study finds that competency-based training represents an extension of an authentic pedagogical heritage, that the individual model emphasises personal differences, and that the skills-based orientation focuses on breaking teaching down into procedural components. The functional model, in turn, corrects the reductionism found in earlier orientations by introducing an ethical dimension. Micro-teaching emerges as a practical training tool, while the systems approach offers a comprehensive framework that has been adopted by the Algerian educational system. The study concludes that these trends are complementary rather than contradictory, and that deploying them jointly serves the development of teacher performance.
Edge Computing and Real-Time Data Processing
Edge Computing is an advanced computing model that processes data closer to the source of data generation rather than relying entirely on centralized cloud servers. With the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, smart technologies, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and real-time digital applications, the demand for faster data processing and low-latency communication has increased significantly. Edge computing addresses these challenges by enabling local data processing at the network edge, improving speed, efficiency, and responsiveness in modern computing systems. Real-time data processing refers to the immediate collection, analysis, and response to data as it is generated. Edge computing supports real-time processing by reducing delays associated with transmitting data to distant cloud data centers. This capability is highly important in applications such as autonomous vehicles, smart cities, healthcare monitoring systems, industrial automation, surveillance systems, online gaming, and financial transactions, where rapid decision-making is essential.
Intergenerational Relations and Psychosocial Risks Among Late-Career Workers: A Study Conducted Among Employees of CEVITAL, Bejaia-Algéria
This study examines how intergenerational relationships affect psychosocial risks among late-career employees. A qualitative study of 15 CEVITAL employees aged over 50 identified three relationship types: cooperative, distant, and conflictual. Burnout emerged as the main psychosocial risk, with poor relationships with younger colleagues increasing emotional exhaustion, stress, lower job satisfaction, and intentions for early retirement. These effects were influenced by personal mechanisms, including identity strategies, adaptation, and self-regulation, as well as organizational mechanisms such as intergenerational management, communication, and supportive workplace policies. The findings highlight the importance of promoting positive intergenerational relationships and effective organizational practices to improve older employees’ well-being, reduce burnout, delay early retirement, and support longer careers.
The Influence of Globalization on Newly Exploring Markets
The integration of developing markets into the global economic system has been a crucial contributing factor in the expansion and transformation of these markets as a result of globalization. Globalization is a term that describes the growing interconnection of economies as a result of commerce, investment, technological advancements, and the movement of both labor and money. As a consequence of globalization, emerging economies like India, Brazil, and China have seen significant economic transformations. These transformations include fast industrialization, increasing foreign investment, and broader access to international markets. the influence that globalization has had on developing economies, with a particular emphasis on important issues like as the liberalization of trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), the transfer of technological know-how, and the integration of financial systems. These economies have been able to achieve better growth rates, improve their productivity, and diversify their industrial base as a result of globalization. increased competitiveness in international marketplaces as a result of the spread of technology and expertise. On the other hand, globalization also brings up a number of difficulties. It is possible for domestic industries, particularly small and medium firms, to suffer adverse effects as a result of increased exposure to global competition. Emerging economies are frequently confronted with risks that are associated with financial instability, income disparity, and environmental deterioration. As a result of their integration into global markets, these economies are susceptible to experiencing severe spillover effects from factors such as global financial crises and other external shocks.
Psychological Immunity among Women with Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Case Study
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system and has profound physical, psychological, and social consequences. Beyond its neurological manifestations, the disease often imposes considerable emotional burdens that challenge patients’ ability to maintain psychological well-being and adapt to everyday life. In recent years, psychological immunity has emerged as an important construct in health psychology because it reflects the psychological resources that enable individuals to withstand stress, regulate emotions, and adapt effectively to adversity. The present study aimed to explore the nature of psychological immunity in a woman diagnosed with multiple sclerosis through an in-depth clinical investigation. A clinical case study design was adopted involving one female participant diagnosed with MS. Data were collected using a semi-structured clinical interview, behavioral observation, and the Psychological Immunity Scale. The qualitative and quantitative findings indicated that the participant demonstrated a high level of psychological immunity despite the physical and emotional challenges imposed by the disease. Illness acceptance, optimism, resilience, adaptive coping strategies, and strong family support appeared to play a significant role in facilitating her psychological adjustment and maintaining emotional stability. The findings highlight the importance of psychological immunity as a protective factor that may enhance adaptation and psychological well-being among individuals living with chronic neurological diseases. The study also emphasizes the value of integrating psychological support into the comprehensive care of patients with multiple sclerosis.
The Trends in Unemployment and the Impact They Have on the Development of the Economy
The issue of unemployment is a key macroeconomic problem that has a considerable impact on economic development, particularly in economies that are still in the process of developing or emerging. A situation in which people who are ready and competent to work are unable to obtain employment that is suited for them is referred to as insufficient employment. An analysis of recent patterns in unemployment and the influence those trends have had on economic growth, productivity, and social welfare is presented in this paper. A number of factors, including economic cycles, technological advancements, demographic expansion, and structural adjustments in the labor market, all contribute to the formation of trends in unemployment. Countries such as India are experiencing prolonged unemployment and underemployment due to a combination of factors, including expanding population and skill mismatches. As a result of high unemployment rates, human resources are not being utilized to their full potential, income levels are falling, and aggregate demand is decreasing, which means that economic growth is being slowed down. Additionally, the socio-economic repercussions of unemployment, which include an increase in poverty, as well as income disparity and social instability. In addition, prolonged unemployment can lead to the loss of skills and a decrease in labor productivity, both of which have a negative impact on long-term growth prospects. On the other hand, the production of employment that is modest and well-managed has the potential to increase living standards and economic stability.
Statistical Models in Social and Human Sciences Research: From Classification to the Methodology of Selection and Application
Statistical models have become a fundamental pillar of research in the social and human sciences, as they provide scientific tools that contribute to the description, analysis, and interpretation of phenomena, as well as the prediction of their trends. However, the methodological challenge is no longer limited to knowing these models or mastering their techniques; it has extended to the question of how to select the most appropriate statistical model and apply it in a manner consistent with the nature of the research problem, the characteristics of the data, and the objectives of the study. From this perspective, this article aims to provide an analytical examination of statistical models in social and human sciences research, beginning with a conceptual grounding of their meaning and functions, followed by their classification according to their research roles, and culminating in the development of a methodological framework to guide researchers in selecting and appropriately applying suitable statistical models. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach through a review and analysis of contemporary methodological and statistical literature, linking it to the requirements of research in the social and human sciences. The findings indicate that the optimal use of statistical models is not determined by the complexity or abundance of statistical techniques, but rather by the extent to which they are aligned with the research question, the level of measurement of variables, the study design, and the assumptions underlying the model. Such alignment ensures the validity of the analysis, the accuracy of the results, and the strength of the conclusions. The scientific contribution of this article lies in moving beyond the mere classification of statistical models to proposing a methodological framework that assists researchers in selecting and applying them appropriately. This contributes to improving statistical practices, reducing common methodological errors, and enhancing the quality of quantitative research in the social and human sciences.
Urban Heat Island Effect: Causes, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a significant environmental phenomenon in which urban areas experience higher temperatures than their surrounding rural regions due to human activities and built environments. the primary causes of the UHI effect, including the replacement of natural land surfaces with impervious materials such as concrete and asphalt, reduced vegetation cover, high population density, and waste heat generated from vehicles, industries, and buildings. the wide-ranging impacts of the UHI effect on urban environments, including increased energy consumption, deteriorating air quality, and adverse health effects such as heat stress and heat-related illnesses. It also contributes to the intensification of climate change at the local level and affects urban ecosystems by altering temperature and moisture conditions. Furthermore, various mitigation strategies aimed at reducing the UHI effect. These include the development of green infrastructure such as urban forests, green roofs, and parks; the use of reflective and cool roofing materials; sustainable urban planning; and the promotion of energy-efficient technologies. The integration of these strategies can significantly lower urban temperatures and improve environmental quality.
The Role of Exploratory Expeditions in Establishing French Expansionist Projects in the Algerian Sahara
This paper examines the role of the exploratory expeditions undertaken by French officers and European explorers—such as René Caillié, Lieutenant Lapie, Avézac, General Devaux, Flatters, and Gerhard Rohlfs—in supporting French colonial policy in the Algerian Sahara. The study highlights how the findings of these expeditions were exploited to facilitate the exploration, occupation, and expansion of French influence throughout the Sahara. The paper further analyzes the major colonial projects implemented by France, beginning with the proposal to connect northern Algeria with the Sahara through a railway network in 1853. These projects aimed to exploit the Sahara’s abundant natural resources, which were either scarce or unavailable in Europe, including dates, livestock, alfa grass, and henna, thereby strengthening the French economy. Moreover, France sought to suppress the traditional trans-Saharan caravan trade, establish military dominance over the region, facilitate the movement of military convoys, create restricted military zones, and encourage European settlers to exploit oasis lands confiscated from their indigenous owners, causing severe economic hardship for the local population. The study also discusses the promotion of Christian missionary activities, which significantly affected the religious and cultural identity of the inhabitants of southern Algeria. Finally, it demonstrates how the Algerian Sahara became a strategic military base for launching French expansion toward Sub-Saharan Africa, enabling the exploration of its routes and geographical features.
River Basin Management and Water Governance
River basin management and water governance have become increasingly important in addressing the challenges of water scarcity, environmental degradation, and competing water demands. A river basin, as a natural hydrological unit, provides a comprehensive framework for managing water resources in an integrated and sustainable manner. This study examines the role of integrated river basin management (IRBM) in ensuring efficient utilization, conservation, and equitable distribution of water resources. effective water governance involves the coordination of policies, institutions, and stakeholders at local, national, and transboundary levels. It emphasizes the importance of participatory approaches, where governments, communities, and private sectors collaborate to manage water resources sustainably. Key issues such as water pollution, over-extraction, climate change, and conflicts over water allocation are discussed in the context of river basin management. Furthermore, the study explores strategies such as watershed management, sustainable irrigation practices, pollution control measures, and the use of modern technologies like GIS and remote sensing in water management. These approaches enhance decision-making, improve water quality, and support long-term sustainability.
The In-Person Education in the Islamic West During the Medieval Period and Distance Education Today (Historical Approach)
The aim of the research is to study the transformation in the domain of education in the Islamic West during the medieval period and compare such education to modern distance education. The study is based on both historical and analytical methods utilizing Ibn Sahnun and Ibn Khaldun. The results suggest that traditional education is marked by several principles, such as progressive instruction, importance of memory techniques, and elaboration of the role of the teacher, that allow developing both intellect and the whole society. Unlike traditional education, distance education relies on modern technologies and allows making learning process flexible and accessible. Key words: Islamic medieval education, distance education, educational systems.
Cloud Accounting Adoption and Cost Efficiency
Cloud accounting has emerged as a transformative innovation in financial management by enabling organizations to access accounting information and financial applications through internet-based platforms. The adoption of cloud accounting has gained significant momentum among businesses due to its ability to improve operational efficiency, reduce infrastructure costs, enhance data accessibility, and support real-time financial reporting. the relationship between cloud accounting adoption and cost efficiency by evaluating the impact of cloud-based accounting systems on operational costs, resource utilization, financial reporting, productivity, and managerial decision-making. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to accounting professionals, finance managers, and business owners across various industries. Appropriate statistical techniques were used to analyze the influence of cloud accounting adoption on organizational cost efficiency. organizations implementing cloud accounting experience significant reductions in information technology expenses, administrative costs, software maintenance costs, and manual processing time while improving financial reporting accuracy, collaboration, and decision-making effectiveness. Furthermore, cloud accounting enhances organizational flexibility, scalability, and business continuity by providing secure, real-time access to financial information. cloud accounting adoption is a strategic investment that contributes significantly to cost efficiency and organizational performance. The findings provide valuable insights for managers, policymakers, and accounting professionals seeking to leverage cloud-based technologies to optimize financial management practices and achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
Water and the Making of the Hydro-Social Oasis Landscape in the Touat Region during the Medieval Period: A Historical Perspective on Settlement Dynamics and Saharan Urbanism
This article examines the dialectical relationship between water and settlement in the region of Touat, one of the principal oasis spaces of the central Sahara within the medieval Islamic Maghreb. The study proceeds from the premise that water was not a neutral natural given, but rather a central agent in the production of social and built space through the foggara irrigation system, which allowed heterogeneous human groups to establish stable settlements in an arid environment. The analysis draws on a critical reading of descriptive geographers, on travel accounts as field testimonies, and on Ibn Khaldun's data concerning valleys, water tributaries, urbanization, and the desert economy. The study concludes that the territorial anchoring of settlement in Touat resulted from a complex interaction between hydrological geography, social organization, and trans-Saharan trade networks, warranting the notion of an integrated hydro-social space.
Remote Auditing and Auditor Performance in the Digital Era
The rapid advancement of digital technologies and the increasing adoption of remote working practices have significantly transformed the auditing profession. Remote auditing has emerged as an innovative audit approach that enables auditors to perform audit procedures, collect evidence, communicate with clients, and evaluate financial information through digital platforms without requiring a physical presence at the client's premises. the relationship between remote auditing and auditor performance in the digital era by evaluating the influence of digital audit technologies, virtual collaboration, data accessibility, audit efficiency, and technological competence on audit quality and auditor effectiveness. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to external auditors, internal auditors, audit managers, and accounting professionals from various organizations. Appropriate statistical techniques were used to analyze the relationship between remote auditing practices and auditor performance. remote auditing significantly enhances audit efficiency, flexibility, real-time communication, access to digital evidence, and productivity while reducing travel costs and audit completion time. However, challenges related to cybersecurity, data privacy, internet reliability, limitations in physical verification, technological infrastructure, and reduced face-to-face interaction with clients. remote auditing has become an integral component of modern auditing and that its successful implementation depends on technological readiness, digital competencies, effective communication, and strong information security practices.
Organizational Culture and Negative Behaviors in the Work Environment A Field Study at the Sonatrach Corporation – Maintenance Division (DML), Laghouat
The present study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between organizational culture and negative behaviors among the employees of the Sonatrach Corporation – Maintenance Division (DML) in Laghouat, to determine the level of both organizational culture and negative behaviors within the study sample, and to identify the most prevalent negative behaviors at the Sonatrach Corporation – Maintenance Division (DML) in Laghouat. The descriptive-analytical method was adopted, and a questionnaire was administered as the study instrument to a sample of (22) employees selected through accidental (convenience) sampling within the corporation. Following the statistical processing of the data, the following results were obtained: The level of organizational culture among the employees of the Sonatrach Corporation – Maintenance Division (DML) in Laghouat is high. The level of negative behaviors at the Sonatrach Corporation – Maintenance Division (DML) in Laghouat is high. The most prevalent negative behaviors at the Sonatrach Corporation – Maintenance Division (DML) in Laghouat are absenteeism and bullying.
Reduced Chronic Low Back Pain with Acupressure: A Systematic Review
One of the most common forms of disability globally, chronic low back pain (CLBP) has a profound impact on people's ability to move around, do daily tasks, and get things done. Alternative pain management methods, such as acupressure, are gaining popularity as non-invasive and affordable alternatives to traditional medicine and physical therapy. Various electronic databases were queried for relevant material, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria included studies that were published in English and looked at the effects of acupressure on adults suffering from persistent low back pain. Methods such as comparative clinical research, randomized controlled trials, and quasi-experimental studies were considered. Information regarding the study's parameters, procedures for interventions, metrics for outcomes, and important conclusions were retrieved and evaluated. When compared to both baseline data and, in certain instances, control interventions, the examined trials showed that acupressure significantly reduced pain intensity and improved physical function. Acupressure patients reported better mobility, lower disability ratings, and overall health and well-being. Treatment efficacy differed across acupressure methods, treatment length, and session frequency. It appears that acupressure is typically safe and well-tolerated, as there were little reports of unwanted effects.
Translation as a Tool for Acculturation: Language and the Question of Identity Modern and Contemporary Literary Criticism
This study seeks to shed light on the relationship between language and identity, focusing specifically on the role that the Arabic language plays as a vehicle of resistance and a means of preserving identity. It further examines translation as a mediator between language and identity—one that performs the function assigned to it: either highlighting and safeguarding identity, or erasing and distorting its features. Accordingly, this research paper addresses the concepts of language, identity, and, in particular, cultural identity, concentrating on translation as a fundamental factor in either consolidating and clarifying identity or obliterating and dissipating it. Through this inquiry, we seek to answer a set of questions that frame the study: What is the relationship that binds language to identity? What is the nature of the relationship that links translation to language, identity, and culture? How does linguistic translation perform its role in presenting and consolidating cultural identity on the one hand, or erasing and deforming it on the other, within the framework of acculturation between the Self and the Other?
Muscular strength is one of the basic physical attributes that directly influences performance level of swimmers, due to its critical function in producing arm propulsive force and enhancing movement efficiency in the aquatic environment. It is through the muscles of the arms, shoulders, and trunk that mechanical force is generated and transmitted into forward acceleration, which minimises the influence of water resistance and positively reflects on the swimmer’s pace and continuity of performance. Explosive strength is also a vital component at the start phase, as it enables the swimmer to produce maximal force in a short time, delivering a time advantage from the very beginning of the race. Success in this phase depends on the efficacy of the neuromuscular system in activating fast-twitch muscle fibers and employing them effectively. Through this study attempt, we wish to highlight the relevance of investigating these variables in a thorough, scientific manner, given their vital role in enhancing race timings and competitive performance among swimmers.
Methods for Achieving Net-Zero Carbon Emissions in Building Design via Energy Efficiency
A considerable portion of the carbon dioxide that enters the atmosphere comes from the construction industry, which is both a major user of energy and a major emitter of greenhouse gases worldwide. The built environment is having a greater impact on the environment due to factors such as fast urbanization, rising demand for residential and commercial infrastructure, and the persistent dependence on energy systems that rely on fossil fuels. An essential tactic for lowering carbon emissions and attaining net-zero carbon architecture has arisen in reaction to rising worries about resource depletion and climate change: energy-efficient building design. Low-carbon technology and renewable energy sources make up the balance of a net-zero carbon building's energy use, which is minimized through careful planning and construction. the ideas, methods, and developments in technology linked to energy-efficient building design that aim to achieve carbon neutrality in construction. Passive design, high-performance building envelopes, energy-efficient HVAC systems, natural ventilation, enhanced insulation, renewable energy integration, sustainable construction materials, and daylight optimization are all covered. How new technologies like digital twins, smart energy management systems, building automation, and building information modeling (BIM) can improve energy efficiency and cut down on carbon emissions from operations at every stage of a building's lifespan.
The Culture of Remembrance and Coming to Terms with the Past in Post-World War II Literary Texts
The concepts of “culture of remembrance” and “coming to terms with the past” play a central role in Germany’s engagement with the consequences of World War II and the legacy of National Socialism. Together, they form an important basis of Germany’s postwar democratic identity and provide frameworks for public dialogue about historical events, especially guilt, responsibility, and collective memory. A culture of remembrance encompasses how a society recalls and preserves its past. It is expressed not only through memorials and museums but also through literary representations of historical experience. The purpose of remembrance and engagement with the past is to preserve historical memory, transmit it to future generations, and cultivate an awareness of human dignity and peace. After 1945, German authors confronted the crimes of National Socialism; questions of guilt and responsibility consequently became central concerns of postwar literature.
Performance Appraisal Systems and Employee Satisfaction
Performance appraisal systems play a crucial role in evaluating employee performance and shaping workplace attitudes, making them a key determinant of employee satisfaction in modern organizations. the relationship between performance appraisal practices and employee satisfaction, focusing on how fairness, transparency, feedback, and recognition influence employees’ perceptions and motivation. different appraisal methods, including traditional rating systems, management by objectives (MBO), 360-degree feedback, and continuous performance management approaches. It highlights that effective appraisal systems not only assess performance but also provide constructive feedback, identify development needs, and support career growth. When employees perceive appraisal processes as fair and unbiased, they are more likely to feel valued and satisfied with their jobs. Empirical evidence suggests that performance appraisal systems that emphasize open communication, employee participation, and regular feedback significantly enhance job satisfaction, engagement, and organizational commitment. Conversely, poorly designed appraisal systems—characterized by bias, lack of clarity, or infrequent feedback—can lead to dissatisfaction, reduced morale, and decreased productivity.