Corps et Psychisme. Recherches en Psychanalyse et Sciences Humaines
The journal Corps et Psychisme: Recherches en Psychanalyse et Sciences Humaines is a biannual, peer-reviewed journal. Each issue contains around scientific research articles, as well as book reviews, critiques of one or more artistic events, and articles on a topic other than the main theme. Open to interdisciplinarity, it publishes issues focusing on the body not only in psychosomatic terms but also in contemporary issues, politics, art, philosophy, and scientific discoveries. And it does so while maintaining a psychoanalytic framework open to new extensions. The journal Corps et Psychisme is historically part of the continuity of the journal Champ Psychosomatique (Champ Psy), itself the continuation of the Revue de médecine psychosomatique et de psychologie médicale created in 1958 by the psychiatrists Michel Sapir and Léon Chertok. Our journal has long belonged to the field of academic journals. The publications it offers have an academic format.
Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning
Because of the rapid rise of data-driven applications, there are now significant concerns around the privacy of data, the security of data, and the compliance of machine learning systems with regulatory requirements. The traditional methods of centralized learning necessitate the accumulation of sensitive data on a central server, which raises the possibility of data leakage and misuse. Because it enables model training across distant devices without directly sharing raw data, federated learning has emerged as a potential paradigm for privacy-preserving machine learning. This is because it allows for the training of models more efficiently. federated learning is a framework for decentralized learning that enables several clients to train a shared model in a collaborative manner while maintaining the data's localization. The fundamental concepts of federated learning, which include the implementation of safe aggregation, communication-efficient training, and periodic updates to the local model. In order to emphasize the practical significance of this topic, applications in the fields of healthcare, banking, mobile devices, and Internet of Things environments are discussed. Federated learning strikes a good compromise between the effectiveness of models and the privacy of data, making it acceptable for use in domains that are sensitive and regulated. Despite this, there are still difficulties that require attention, such as communication overhead, heterogeneity of data, security concerns, and scalability of the system. In its conclusion, the study highlights potential future research areas that are centered on enhancing the robustness, efficiency, and privacy guarantees of federated learning systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic Feasibility of Electric Public Transportation Systems in Developing Countries
The transition to electric public transportation systems has emerged as a strategic priority for many developing countries seeking to reduce urban air pollution, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and decrease dependence on imported fossil fuels. Electric buses, trams, and metro systems offer substantial environmental and long-term operational benefits. However, their adoption in resource-constrained economies raises critical questions regarding financial sustainability, infrastructure readiness, and institutional capacity. the economic feasibility of deploying electric public transportation systems in developing countries, with particular attention to capital investment requirements, lifecycle cost analysis, and funding mechanisms. Although electric fleets typically involve higher upfront procurement and infrastructure costs compared to diesel-based systems, lower fuel expenses, reduced maintenance requirements, and longer vehicle lifespans can improve total cost efficiency over time. The feasibility of such systems depends heavily on electricity pricing structures, grid reliability, battery replacement costs, and the availability of concessional financing or public-private partnerships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Rafael M. Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Application of the Quran to Reality according to Sheikh Muhammad al-Makki al-Nasiri through his Interpretation (Social Reform as a Model)
This work analyses the application of the Qur’an to social reality through the interpretive perspective of Muhammad al-Makki al-Nasiri, focussing on social reform as a prominent paradigm. It maintains that al-Nasiri’s exegesis shows the Qur’an not simply as a theoretical source, but as a comprehensive framework for reforming society. By emphasizing justice, solidarity, and moral discipline, his interpretation underlines the Qur’anic concern for vulnerable people such as orphans and the destitute, and recommends ways of change grounded in ethical responsibility. The study further reveals that al-Nasiri mixes heavenly instruction with practical reality, attempting to repair society imbalance and prevent moral instability. In this way, Qur’anic teachings are translated into concrete principles that foster cohesion, equity, and stability within the Muslim community. Ultimately, the research demonstrates that social reform in al-Nasiri’s understanding matches the greater Qur’anic purpose of constructing an egalitarian and compassionate society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salah Eddine Khennoufa, Hamama Miloudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Body as Archive: Cultural Memory, Identity, and Psychisme
The concept of the body as archive challenges conventional notions of memory as a purely cognitive or textual phenomenon by foregrounding how the body itself stores, transmits, and performs cultural memory, contributing to both individual and collective identities. This review synthesizes interdisciplinary research from anthropology, cultural studies, psychology, performance studies, and embodied cognition to explore how bodily practices, gestures, postures, and performative acts function as repositories of cultural knowledge and identity. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of habitus, body memory, and cultural memory, we argue that the body not only reflects but archives embodied history—shaping social norms, identities, and affective attachments across generations. We discuss concepts such as embodied memory, the repertoire versus archive distinction, somatic transmission, and the role of performance and ritual in cultural continuity. The review also examines how bodies enact cultural resistance, negotiate power, and embody trauma and collective experiences. By reconceptualizing memory as lived through embodied experience, psychisme is reimagined as a dynamic interface between cultural inscription and bodily agency. This integrative perspective offers insights into identity formation, cultural resilience, and the politics of remembering and forgetting in diverse sociocultural contexts.
Homeopathy for Childhood and Adolescence Ailments: A Review of the Evidence
The use of homeopathy in treating childhood and adolescence ailments has been a topic of considerable interest and debate. the existing evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of homeopathic treatments for common pediatric conditions. We systematically searched databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and meta-analyses that investigated homeopathic interventions in children and adolescents. The conditions examined include acute respiratory infections, otitis media, ADHD, and diarrhea. Our findings indicate that while some studies report positive outcomes, the overall quality of evidence is varied, with many trials having methodological limitations such as small sample sizes and lack of blinding. Despite these limitations, homeopathy is generally considered safe, with minimal reported adverse effects. The need for more rigorous, large-scale studies to better determine the role of homeopathy in pediatric care. Until such evidence is available, homeopathy should be considered a complementary approach, and decisions regarding its use should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the individual needs and preferences of patients and their families.
Guardians of Health: Exploring the Role of the Immune System in Disease Resistance and Tolerance
"Guardians of Health" delves into the intricate role of the immune system as both protector and mediator in the battle against infectious agents and diseases. This paper explores the dynamic interplay between the immune system and pathogens, highlighting the mechanisms underlying disease resistance and tolerance. While traditionally viewed as a defense mechanism against pathogens, the immune system also plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Recent research has uncovered the complexity of immune responses, revealing a delicate balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. Dysregulation of this balance can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and immunodeficiency syndromes. Understanding the factors that contribute to immune dysregulation is essential for developing targeted therapies and interventions to restore immune homeostasis and promote health., the concept of immune tolerance has gained recognition as a key mechanism for preventing autoimmune reactions and maintaining tissue integrity. Immune tolerance mechanisms, including central and peripheral tolerance, ensure that the immune system can distinguish between self and non-self, thereby preventing autoimmunity while preserving the ability to mount effective immune responses against pathogens. we explore the diverse strategies employed by the immune system to protect against pathogens while maintaining tissue tolerance. We discuss the roles of innate and adaptive immunity, as well as the contributions of immune cells, cytokines, and regulatory molecules in orchestrating immune responses. Additionally, we examine the impact of genetic, environmental, and microbial factors on immune function and disease susceptibility.By unraveling the complexities of immune regulation, we aim to gain deeper insights into the mechanisms underlying health and disease. Ultimately, this knowledge will inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches to enhance immune function, prevent immune-mediated diseases, and improve human health.
Nutritional Interventions for Improving Cognitive Function and Preventing Age-Related Decline: A Review
As the global population ages, cognitive decline has become a significant public health concern. Nutritional interventions are increasingly recognized as a potential strategy to enhance cognitive function and mitigate age-related cognitive decline. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the role of nutrition in supporting cognitive health across the lifespan. Nutritional interventions play a critical role in supporting cognitive health and preventing age-related cognitive decline. Specific nutrients and dietary patterns, such as omega-3 fatty acids and the Mediterranean diet, offer promising benefits for cognitive function. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to confirm these effects and explore the underlying mechanisms. Integrating these nutritional strategies into public health recommendations could be beneficial for promoting cognitive health in aging populations.
Violence in Healthcare Institutions: A Sociological Approach to The Explanatory Factors and Forms of Practice
This article aims to study the phenomenon of violence in healthcare institutions from a sociological perspective, considering it a complex social phenomenon reflecting imbalances in organizational structure and professional relationships within the hospital setting. Violence here is not simply a matter of individual behavior, but rather a result of the interaction of a range of structural, social, and psychological factors that contribute to its production and perpetuation within healthcare institutions. The study reveals that violence is fueled by organizational factors such as work pressure, limited resources, ambiguous roles, and poor task distribution, in addition to social and psychological factors related to occupational stress, poor communication, and a lack of trust between staff and patients. Conversely, the violence is also attributed to the free provision of healthcare. Violence manifests itself in various forms, most notably verbal violence (insults, shouting), physical violence (assault or threats), and symbolic or administrative violence (exclusion, marginalization, or mistreatment within the institution).
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Enhancing Rehabilitation Outcomes in Stroke Patients
Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a potentially useful tool in the field of rehabilitation. It provides an environment that is both immersive and interactive, which has the potential to increase patient engagement through increased motivation. to determine whether or whether virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation programs are beneficial in improving motor and cognitive outcomes among stroke patients. We did a comprehensive analysis of the current literature as well as clinical trials, with a particular emphasis on metrics such as motor function, balance, gait, and quality of life. The research concluded that virtual reality (VR) therapies considerably improve motor recovery and balance in comparison to traditional therapy. VR also encourages neuroplasticity and provides therapeutic sessions that may be customised to meet the specific requirements of each client. In spite of its many advantages, there are a number of obstacles that have been discovered, including patient compliance, accessibility, and cost. despite the fact that virtual reality-based rehabilitation shows a great deal of promise, additional large-scale trials are required in order to establish standardised protocols and determine whether or not it is effective over the long run. the importance of emerging technology in revolutionising post-stroke recovery and boosting patient outcomes.
The Adoption of Digital Banks as a Mechanism for the Modernization of Competition in the Algerian Banking Sector
In light of the tremendous digital revolution witnessed globally over the past decades, which has transformed patterns of life and contributed to facilitating numerous transactions and services via the Internet across all economic and social spheres, the banking sector has not been immune to its impact, Indeed, all sectors have increasingly come to rely entirely on advanced technologies to provide their services without the need for traditional branches, thereby accelerating transactions and enhancing the quality of services delivered. Accordingly, the changes and transformations witnessed in the modern banking environment have generated a new reality, one that can be regarded as a new business paradigm whose central characteristic is “competition.” this competition constitutes the principal challenge facing contemporary banks, representing a factor that is continuously evolving and shifting, consequently, banks are required to grow and develop in ways that enable them to transcend traditional boundaries. In this regard, reliance on digital technology emerges as one of the fundamental challenges for business organizations and banks alike, being considered a strategic option and an essential factor in achieving competitive advantage, this is due to the significant role it plays in enabling such institutions to improve their performance, maximize profitability, and strengthen their economic power within the banking market .
Developments in Photovoltaic Materials: Increasing Efficiency through Innovative Design
Photovoltaic (PV) technology plays a pivotal role in the transition towards sustainable energy systems by harnessing solar energy to generate electricity. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of recent developments in PV materials, focusing on innovative design strategies aimed at boosting efficiency and performance. Traditional silicon-based PV cells have dominated the market for decades, but emerging materials and novel device architectures offer the potential for substantial efficiency gains. The discussion covers a range of advanced PV materials, including thin-film semiconductors, perovskite solar cells, organic photovoltaics, and quantum dot solar cells. These materials exhibit unique optical, electronic, and structural properties that can be tailored to optimize light absorption, charge transport, and carrier collection efficiency. In addition to material innovations, novel device designs and engineering approaches are crucial for maximizing power conversion efficiency and minimizing production costs. Advanced concepts such as tandem solar cells, multi-junction architectures, and hybrid PV systems are explored for their potential to overcome efficiency limitations and enable high-performance solar energy conversion. Furthermore, the paper examines recent progress in manufacturing techniques, including roll-to-roll processing, printing methods, and solution-based deposition, which offer scalability, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with flexible substrates. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation, researchers and engineers continue to push the boundaries of PV technology, driving progress towards a more sustainable and energy-efficient future.
The Algerian state’s health policy, the Corona pandemic as an example
After the transmission of the Corona virus from the Chinese city of Wuhan, the first case in Algeria, the country's higher authorities took responsibility for managing the Corona 19 pandemic; A special budget was allocated to manage this crisis and confront this virus, and a set of measures were taken and a number of decisions were issued coinciding with the changes in the epidemiological situation. Efforts were focused on getting out of this pandemic with the least damage and the fewest deaths, as it was decided to impose compulsory quarantine on travelers coming from abroad. Suspension of studies, a complete closure of the country, and quarantine and social distancing measures were imposed to control the spread of the virus. The Ministry of Health has played a key role in supervising the implementation and control of health policies in coordination with various other sectors, and a green number has been launched around the clock and an application for smart phones to enable people to access information and resources related to the Corona virus, and all material and human capabilities have been exploited to prevent the virus. or treat the injured. And with the increasing number of infections, the matter prompted more measures to be taken, represented in imposing partial and total quarantine in the states and cities that witness a daily increase in the number of infections, and commercial activities were suspended, the suspension of studies extended, and other decisions aimed at limiting the spread of the Corona virus and taking care of the injured.
Didactics and Pedagogy: Keys to Innovation in University Teaching
This article explores the relationship between pedagogy and didactics in the teaching/learning process. Pedagogy focuses on classroom management and learner engagement, while didactics focuses on the specific transmission of knowledge. In this regard, the main question is how to reconcile these two disciplines in order to optimize learning. To reinforce our study, we suggest that an integration of pedagogical and didactic approaches could enhance learners' motivation as well as their cognitive understanding. The objective of this research is to analyze this complementarity and to propose strategies allowing the improvement of both practices while ensuring learner success. This experimentation revealed a notable improvement in students’ level following the implementation of the pedagogical and didactic framework.
Sample Finance Journal Article: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Financial Risk Management in the Post-2025 Era
This article examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in financial risk management following the economic shifts of 2025. Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature and empirical analysis of major financial institutions, it explores how AI-driven models enhance predictive accuracy, automate compliance, and mitigate systemic risks. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative simulations and qualitative case studies from European and North American banks. Findings reveal that AI adoption correlates with a 25-35% reduction in operational losses, though challenges such as algorithmic bias and regulatory hurdles persist. Practical implications underscore the need for ethical frameworks and hybrid human-AI systems. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on fintech integration, offering actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners.
Adolescent Crisis and Familial Tension: From Patterns of Vertical Identification to Transformations of Horizontal Identification
This study explores adolescence as a vital developmental stage through its investigation of identity development which starts with vertical identification of family values and continues to horizontal identification of peer group and digital media cultural influences. The process of becoming an independent adult requires reaching this stage of psychosocial development yet it creates major problems for family relationships. The adolescent wants to find themselves while gaining emotional and behavioral independence yet the family members want to keep their family united through their traditional caregiving roles. The two people express their divergent viewpoints through their different beliefs about relationship rules and their opposing approaches to managing time and personal boundaries. Modern societies create cultural conflicts because they handle new cultural changes which stem from technological progress and worldwide growth which produces fresh distinctions between different age groups. The parental model loses its symbolic power as adolescents face multiple conflicting models which results in emotional turmoil for them. This paper reaches the conclusion that family adjustment needs to support transformation processes instead of attempting to stop them. The development of emotional intelligence requires three essential components which include steady parental examples of balanced discipline and affection and secure spaces for emotional sharing and autonomy and active listening to adolescent viewpoints and social changes. Young people develop their identity during the transition from adolescence to adulthood through uniting their familial bonds with their expanding curiosity about the world outside their home.
The Arabic Graphic Novel and the Death of the Author The Dialectic Between the Algerian Text and Western Theory
The graphic novel is considered a narrative form that has developed recently to provide a dynamic depiction of social, political, economic, and intellectual-cultural conditions, as it represents a space for experimentation and free expression. Here, comics appear as a discourse open to interpretation, often surpassing the author’s intent, embodying the reader’s participation in producing meaning. The hybrid nature of this discourse reshapes narrative relations, enabling the reader to produce significance. This reinforces Barthes’ idea of textual openness and the multiplicity of interpretive levels, surpassing the notion of a single meaning (the death of the author). Based on this, the focus of this paper revolves around the extent to which the theory of the “death of the author” can be applied to the Algerian graphic novel specifically, in Roland Barthes’ conception, to assess the ability of this discourse to produce meaning independent of the author’s intent and the degree to which this meaning is liberated from the author’s references and identity. The paper begins by identifying the most evident differences between the premises and foundations of the Arabic text and Western theory. Based on the divergence of references, it highlights the main difficulties encountered when applying Western theory to the Arabic text in general, such as: the methodological regulation of concepts (concept of text, concept of author, concept of language…), as well as other problems: (translation, consideration of context…). It then examines the principles of Barthes’ death-of-the-author theory and its relation to comics in general, before dedicating a section to its reception in Algerian criticism. This is done through presenting the nature and specificities of comics in Algeria and examining the extent to which this theory can be assimilated, clarifying both facilitating and opposing factors. Finally, the paper offers a brief analysis of practical examples (from the most famous Algerian comic novels) in two parts: one concerning the difficulty of applying the death-of-the-author theory, and the other concerning the possibility of applying it. It concludes that the death-of-the-author theory in the Algerian graphic novel is not theoretically rejected; however, it is simultaneously not literally applicable in practice due to the nature of the Algerian text, its cultural and social contexts, and the nature of the Algerian Arab reader.
Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy Projects: A Global Comparative Analysis
Clean energy technology implementation and sustainability depend on public support for renewable energy projects. Numerous social, cultural, and political variables can help or hurt the expansion of renewable energy infrastructure, regardless of the fact that it is good for the environment and the economy. an international comparison of public opinion on renewable energy projects, looking at what influences people to either favour or oppose such initiatives in various parts of the world. Case studies from both developed and developing countries are examined to shed light on the interplay between public opinion, local pushback, and the influence of policy and stakeholder involvement in determining societal acceptability. examines the effects of variables like environmental worries, economic possibilities, cultural values, and faith in the government on renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydropower. In order to resolve public concerns and increase community engagement in renewable energy projects, this study identifies important factors that generate social acceptance. The results highlight the need of considering local contexts, involving stakeholders early on in the planning process, and ensuring that the advantages of renewable energy projects are spread fairly in order to build social acceptance. In the end, getting people on board with renewable energy sources is both a struggle and an opportunity.
The Role of Code-Switching in French-Arabic Bilingual Communities in Algeria: A Sociolinguistic Study
This study investigates the phenomenon of code-switching in French-Arabic bilingual communities in Algeria. Code-switching, the alternation between two languages within a conversation or even a single sentence, reflects social, cultural, and psychological factors that influence language use. The research aims to analyze the contexts, functions, and motivations behind code-switching among Algerian bilingual speakers, examining how it serves as a marker of identity, social belonging, and pragmatic efficiency. Data are collected through recorded conversations, social media interactions, and semi-structured interviews. The study also explores the implications of code-switching for language teaching and policy in Algeria, highlighting the dynamic interaction between French and Arabic in shaping contemporary linguistic practices. Findings are expected to demonstrate the sociolinguistic significance of code-switching as a tool for negotiation of meaning and expression of individual and collective identities in bilingual settings.
Argumentation by Authority in the Noble Qur’an – A Study of Selected Texts
Through this article, we seek to uncover some types of argumentations in the Noble Qur’an and to affirm that its argumentative force appears in many of its texts, which indicates the strength of its impact. Our choice of texts related to the argument from authority for study and analysis is due to their density in the Qur’anic corpus. Hence, the importance of this research emerges, as it sheds light on the Qur’anic mechanisms used to argue with addressees and call them to its purposes. Qur’anic discourse relies on the argument from authority in its three forms (competence, testimony, and experience), which grants it powerful influence and persuasive force. Our approach to this topic revolves around a central problem that we formulate in the following question: To what extent is authority argumentative in the Noble Qur’anic discourse, and what are its most prominent characteristics and main argumentative types used therein? Accordingly, we deemed it appropriate to structure the research on the basis of dividing it into three main chapters, preceded by a conceptual introduction and followed by final findings. The first chapter concerns the argument from competence in its four types (positive, negative, fallacious, and ironic). The second chapter deals with the argument from testimony and witnessing. The third chapter examines the argument from experience in its four types (past, future, optional, and compulsory). The nature of the topic and the research plan required reliance on the descriptive-analytical method.
Edge Computing vs. Cloud Computing: A Comparative Study in Resource Efficiency and Latency
Computing at the edge and in the cloud have both become essential in meeting the rising need for low-latency applications and real-time data processing. The capacity to process data closer to the source, lowering latency and boosting resource efficiency has led to edge computing's rise to popularity, but cloud computing has long been the foundation of scalable, centralised computing. Research comparing cloud computing with edge computing with an emphasis on latency and resource efficiency. We compare and contrast the two paradigms' architectural features, looking at how cloud computing depends on centralised data centres, which can cause delays in data transmission owing to long-distance transmission, and how edge computing minimises data transfer times by processing information locally. We compare and contrast the two methods in a number of use scenarios, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous systems, and real-time analytics, by analysing their respective strengths and weaknesses. Hybrid systems that combine the best features of both cloud and edge computing can improve efficiency, scalability, and performance in today's computing settings.
Language, Thought, and the Poetic Mind: An Interpretive Study of Abdullah Hammadi’s “I Speak About Passion” (Antiq ‘an al-Hawā)
This research focuses on Abdullah Hammadi’s “I Speak About Passion” (Antiq ‘an al-Hawā), analyzing it from the perspective of poetic thought and the poetic mind. This research reveals that the poetry of Hammadi is characterized by a complex relationship between cognition, imagination, and existential reflection. By employing an interpretive method, this research reveals how silence and speech, concealment and revelation, and human and divine love are interrelated in order to create meanings that go beyond the boundaries of ordinary understanding. This research emphasizes that poetic thinking is not only an aesthetic procedure but also a complex cognitive and spiritual procedure. By Hammadi’s use of mystical imagery, philosophical reflection, and poetic expression, there is a possibility to grasp the importance of poetry in the investigation of existence and consciousness.
Circular Fashion Economy: Exploring the Viability of Clothing Recycling Models in Reducing Industry Waste
The manufacturing, wearing, and eventually disposing of garments causes a great deal of trash, making the fashion sector a major polluter. Sustainable methods within the fashion business are becoming more and more crucial as the demand for fashion on a worldwide scale keeps on rising. explores the feasibility of clothing recycling models within the context of a circular fashion economy. These models are examined for their ability to lessen the environmental effect of fashion production, increase the lifecycle of garments, and decrease waste. the current recycling models and finds the technical, financial, and logistical obstacles that prevent them from being widely used. These models include textile-to-textile and garment-to-garment recycling systems. the significance of designing for recyclability, expanding collecting and sorting infrastructure, raising consumer awareness, and the roles that producers, consumers, and lawmakers have in advancing a circular fashion industry. According to the results, there are still a lot of obstacles to growing recycling programs, but there are also a lot of chances to make the fashion sector more sustainable and circular thanks to new technologies, creative business models, and better regulatory frameworks. providing guidance on how to overcome adoption obstacles and encourage the mainstream acceptance of garment recycling models, which will help reduce industry waste and promote a more sustainable future for the fashion industry.
The Aesthetics of Titling and the Fantasy of Meaning – An Approach in The Sea Fairy by Jamila Zeneir
The Algerian short story has surpassed the traditional stereotypical pattern, moving toward a new horizon of writing, adopting narrative experimentation as a way to engage with contemporary reality, expressing its content both in form and substance. This has made it popular and widely accepted among readers. One of the most prominent issues raised in the literary field is the aesthetics of titling; the title is the first threshold a reader encounters, arousing curiosity to engage with the theme of the text and understand its meanings. To shape the architecture of the contemporary short story and venture into experimentation and modernization, the Algerian writer created a fantastical (marvelous) tableau through the title, carrying an aesthetic dimension liberated from narrative monotony and loaded with meaningful dimensions reflecting its intention and eliciting the reader’s wonder. The Algerian writer Jamila Zeneir is one of the authors who led the forefront of experimentation thanks to this new narrative form, as evidenced in her short story collection The Sea Fairy, using the marvelous element as a contrasting color that pierces the horizon of expectation and carries features of the extraordinary and illogical. Accordingly, this research is based on several questions regarding the topic: the aesthetics of titling and the fantasy of meaning, namely: • To what extent has the fantasy of the title contributed to adding aesthetic value to the new short story text, and how is this presence manifested? • Did the writer employ the fantasy of the title purely for aesthetic purposes, aiming to evoke wonder and multiple meanings, or is it an experimental mechanism aimed at innovation and surpassing the familiar, to create a literary text that bets on inherent novelty? • To what extent did Jamila Zeneir succeed in selecting marvelous (fantastic) titles for her collection that harmonize with the symbolism of the narrative events and reflect its intentions?
Global Environmental Governance: Examining the Role of Developing Nations in Climate Negotiations
A crucial area for tackling the intricate problems brought on by resource depletion, biodiversity loss, and climate change is global environmental governance. In international climate negotiations, developing countries are crucial because they must strike a balance between the demands of environmental sustainability and economic growth. the changing roles that developing nations play in influencing international environmental policies, with an emphasis on how they participate in multilateral environmental agreements, the Paris Agreement, and COP summits. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study identifies important areas—such as promoting equity, financial assistance, and technology transfer—where emerging countries have demonstrated leadership. the difficulties they encounter, including scarce resources, geopolitical demands, and the way that vulnerable groups are disproportionately affected by climate change. Through the examination of case studies from Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia, the article emphasises how crucial it is to give poor countries more influence over global climate governance. the necessity of inclusive negotiations that put accountability, equity, and capacity-building first in order to produce fair and long-lasting results for everybody.
Heritage and cognitive systems in Islamic heritage, Yahya Muhammad as a model
The contemporary Arab intellectual scene has witnessed many elite intellectual projects that attempted to study issues related to Islamic culture and heritage. Yahya Muhammad is among the thinkers who sought to present a reading of Islamic heritage. His book, Critique of the Arab Mind in a Balance, is a philosophical critique in which he attempts to reveal the pitfalls, methodological and intellectual errors, and the reading presented by Muhammad Abed al-Jabri in the formation of the Arab mind. In this book, he also criticizes the external reading of heritage and blames Arab and Islamic elites for adopting this reading. According to him, the cognitive systems for reading Islamic heritage embrace two systems: the existential system and the normative system. The existential system concerns the two circles: philosophical and mystical, while the normative system concerns the rational and rhetorical (transmitted) circle.
Exploring the Role of Dark Matter in Galactic Formation and Evolution
One of the most enigmatic components in astrophysics is dark matter, which makes up around 27% of the mass-energy content of the universe. Gravitational effects on radiation, large-scale cosmic structures, and visible matter have led scientists to deduce its existence. the critical function of dark matter in the evolution and development of galaxies, with an emphasis on the role it plays in the processes of galaxy formation, structure, and expansion. Dark matter's role in the development of cosmic structures including clusters, superclusters, and galaxies is shown through gravitational lensing, rotation curves, and simulations. Dark matter's function in the early cosmos, when galaxies were still being formed and recombination was taking place, and how it continues to shape the structure of galaxies now. Additionally, we explore the role of dark matter in controlling star formation, the dispersion of dark halos, and galactic mergers. Also covered is the interaction of dark matter with other astronomical events like cosmic microwave background radiation and supermassive black holes. the present state of dark matter research as well as its future prospects, focussing on the possible discoveries that could shed light on its enigmatic characteristics and its place in the overarching story of cosmic evolution, despite the fact that dark matter is invisible to the naked eye.
The Archaeological Museum Between Its Cultural Function and Social Responsibility
The archaeological museum occupies a pivotal position at the intersection of cultural preservation and social responsibility. As an institution dedicated to collecting, conserving, studying, and exhibiting material remains of past civilizations, it serves not only as a guardian of heritage but also as an active agent in shaping collective memory and cultural identity. In contemporary societies, however, the role of the archaeological museum has expanded beyond traditional functions of preservation and display. It is increasingly expected to engage diverse communities, promote inclusive narratives, support education, and contribute to social cohesion and sustainable development. This study explores the dual dimension of the archaeological museum: its cultural function as a custodian of tangible heritage and its social responsibility toward the communities it serves. It examines how museums interpret archaeological objects, construct historical narratives, and mediate between the past and present, while also addressing ethical challenges such as representation, accessibility, repatriation of artifacts, and community participation. Furthermore, the research highlights the evolving concept of the museum from a static repository of objects to a dynamic public space that fosters dialogue, critical thinking, and civic engagement. By analyzing theoretical perspectives and contemporary practices, the paper argues that the effectiveness of the archaeological museum today depends on its ability to balance scientific rigor with social inclusivity. Its success lies not only in safeguarding artifacts but also in making heritage meaningful, accessible, and socially relevant to present and future generations.
Quantum Entanglement and Nonlocality: Theoretical Insights and Experimental Evidence
Quantum entanglement and nonlocality are among the most profound and intriguing phenomena in quantum physics, challenging our classical understanding of reality and locality. the theoretical foundations and experimental evidence related to quantum entanglement and nonlocality. We explore the historical development of these concepts, beginning with the seminal work of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) and the subsequent formulation of Bell's Theorem, which provides a rigorous test for the existence of nonlocal correlations. Theoretical insights from quantum mechanics and quantum field theory are discussed, highlighting the mathematical framework that underpins entanglement and its implications for information theory. milestones that have empirically validated the existence of entanglement and nonlocality. These include landmark experiments such as those conducted by Alain Aspect, which demonstrated violations of Bell's inequalities, and more recent advancements in quantum optics and quantum information science that have refined our understanding and control of entangled systems. the implications of quantum entanglement for emerging technologies, including quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum communication, emphasizing the practical applications and potential future developments.
The Constantine Plan was announced in 1958 by Charles de Gaulle as a large-scale economic and social reform program intended to address the deepening crisis in colonial Algeria during the Algerian Revolution. Presented as a developmental alternative to military repression, the Plan aimed to improve living standards, expand employment, promote industrialization, construct housing, reform agriculture, and broaden access to education. It was also designed to reshape France’s international image by portraying colonial governance as reformist and modernizing. However, the implementation of the Constantine Plan revealed structural contradictions. Investment priorities favored the industrial and extractive sectors—particularly in the Sahara—while agricultural reform remained limited and ineffective. Employment targets were not achieved, regional inequalities persisted, and rural populations were largely marginalized. Although some progress was recorded in housing construction and infrastructure, the overall outcomes fell far short of declared objectives. Financial constraints, war expenditures, administrative centralization, and insecurity caused by the ongoing conflict further undermined the Plan’s effectiveness. Moreover, the National Liberation Front (FLN) strongly opposed the project, viewing it as a strategy to perpetuate colonial control under a reformist façade. The revolutionary movement mobilized public opinion against participation in the Plan and rejected foreign investment agreements concluded under French authority. Ultimately, the Constantine Plan failed to achieve its political objective of pacifying Algeria or weakening the revolutionary movement. Instead, it exposed the limits of colonial reformism in the context of a national liberation struggle.
Two Souls, One Blood: Examining Identity Fragmentation in the African American Experience through Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing
Emerging from colonial displacements, the African diaspora uncovers the rich and complicated patterns of a long history of migration that was shaped by centuries of colonial influence and oppression. Far beyond the mere physical dislocation of populations, the African diaspora emphasizes the long-term social, cultural and mainly psychological effects of colonial systems on identity, memory and resistance beyond geographic boundaries. Its main and interconnected themes revolve around the lasting quest for identity, belonging amidst displacement, cultural hybridity and multigenerational trauma reflecting the complex experiences of people of African descent living outside the continent. Yaa Gyasi’s novel Homegoing serves as an excellent case in point. The novel profoundly examines the persistent influences of colonialism and the African diaspora, thereby securing its position in the literary canons of Postcolonial and African diaspora studies. This research paper seeks to examine Yaa Gyasi’s novel Homegoing through a postcolonial lens. It takes as its chief concern to illuminate that the African American diasporic experience is one of fragmentation and is marked by a rupture of identity. What is more, the divide is not simply physical but it also manifests as a deep psychological wound for individuals who seek to navigate their African roots with their adopted American or European reality represented by the new order. Gyasi eloquently illustrates this conflict, passed down through various generations, through her successful selection of characters that are not portrayed as whole selves but rather as two souls, a condition that arises as a result of their arduous efforts to reconcile their past with their present.
Breath, Body, and Being: Psychisme in Contemplative and Therapeutic Practices
Breath and embodied practices have been central to contemplative traditions and therapeutic modalities across cultures for millennia. This review investigates how the **interplay of breath, body, and mental experience—collectively informing psychisme—**functions within both contemplative and clinical contexts. Drawing on neurobiological research, psychological trials, and traditional mind-body practices, we elucidate mechanisms by which breath regulation and somatic awareness influence emotional regulation, self-awareness, and well-being. Key concepts such as interoception and respiratory vagal stimulation help bridge ancient practices like pranayama and modern interventions like mindfulness-based stress reduction, showing shared mechanisms involving autonomic balance and neural integration. Empirical findings indicate that breath-centered practices reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, and enhance attentional and interoceptive capacities. We also review clinical applications—including PTSD and chronic pain interventions—and address methodological challenges in research synthesis. By situating breathing as both a physiological and experiential anchor of psychisme, this review advocates for integrative frameworks that unite contemplative wisdom with evidence-based therapeutic practice.
The Implications of Trump’s Abduction of the Venezuelan President under International Law and International Custom
The article examines the January 2026 U.S. military operation in Venezuela that resulted in the abduction and forcible transfer of President Nicolás Maduro, arguing that it constitutes a manifest violation of foundational norms of international law. It analyzes the breach of the prohibition on the use of force in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, the non‑applicability of self-defense, and the characterization of the operation as an act of aggression under the Rome Statute. The study further contends that ignoring head‑of‑state immunity and Venezuelan sovereignty contravenes long‑standing customary rules on personal and functional immunities. Beyond the individual case, the article explores how this precedent undermines the rules‑based international order, weakens peaceful dispute‑settlement mechanisms, and threatens the stability of diplomatic relations. It concludes that the “Caracas precedent” risks normalizing unilateral kidnappings of foreign leaders and eroding the normative distinction between law and power in global governance.
Reuniting Corps and Psychisme: Toward an Integrative Model of Human Experience
Historically, the human experience has been conceptualized through a dualistic lens separating mind from body. However, contemporary research across neuroscience, psychology, anthropology, and philosophy increasingly points to an integrated model where bodily processes and psychological life are deeply entangled. This review synthesizes interdisciplinary scholarship to formulate an integrative model of human experience that reunites corps (body) and psychisme (the embodied psyche). Drawing from embodied cognition, neurophenomenology, interoceptive neuroscience, and biopsychosocial frameworks, we argue that human experience arises from dynamic interactions between bodily states, neural processes, and subjective meaning-making. We examine evidence that the body not only supports but shapes cognition, emotion, and selfhood, and explore how disruptions of embodiment relate to psychopathology. The review highlights models such as Damasio’s somatic marker theory and contemporary interoceptive frameworks that center bodily signals in emotional experience, as well as cultural and evolutionary perspectives on embodied emotion. We also discuss clinical implications for mind-body therapies and propose future directions for integrative research. This work contributes to the emerging consensus that human experience is fundamentally embodied, and to fully understand psychisme we must collapse long-standing dualisms and embrace an integrative framework.
The Scope of Environmental Crime in International Law
This study examines the scope of environmental crime in international law through the analysis of two foundational elements: the protected legal interest and the threshold of seriousness justifying criminalization. It proceeds from the premise that environmental criminalization derives its legitimacy only where it rests upon a precise identification of the value being protected, whether as an extension of human rights and public health or as an autonomous ecological interest. The study further addresses the issue of the limits of criminal intervention, distinguishing between regulatory violations, civil liability, and criminal offenses, and analyzing the criteria of seriousness in terms of scale, duration, and the distinction between risk and actual harm. It concludes that constructing a coherent concept of environmental crime requires a careful balance between effective environmental protection and the guarantees of legality and legal certainty, ensuring deterrent effectiveness without resulting in over-criminalization or normative ambiguity.
Challenges of Digital Media in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
This presentation examines the reality of digital media amid the accelerating technological shifts brought about by artificial intelligence, which stands as one of the most transformative innovations reshaping the structure, methodology, and tools of media work. The focus is placed on key ethical, professional, and technical challenges facing digital media due to the integration of these technologies—namely, the violation of privacy, lack of transparency in algorithmic operations, and the professional disruptions that have affected the core of journalistic practice, including the diminishing role of traditional journalists and their replacement by intelligent systems. The presentation concludes that the adoption of artificial intelligence in digital media requires media professionals to recalibrate their professional and intellectual trajectories. It also emphasizes the need to adopt a critical perspective and to reform educational, professional, and regulatory policies to ensure a responsible and equitable use of these technologies—without compromising the humanistic and ethical foundations upon which journalism is built.
The Impact of Energy Storage Technologies on the Integration of Wind and Solar Power
In recent years, there has been a marked uptick in the number of initiatives aimed at decreasing the world's energy consumption of fossil fuels and increasing the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. A steady and dependable power supply is difficult to achieve with renewable energy sources like wind and solar because of their intermittent nature. To overcome these obstacles, energy storage technologies are crucial, as they allow for the storing of surplus energy produced during periods of high production for usage during periods of low generation. pumped hydro storage, improved flow batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and other energy storage technologies' effects on the efficient grid integration of solar and wind electricity. ways in which energy storage technologies might lessen the burden on the grid, make renewable power more dispatchable, and lessen the necessity for fossil fuel backup facilities. Energy storage technologies' possible effects on the economy, the difficulties of implementing them on a wide scale, and the ways in which they can improve the use of renewable energy sources are all important considerations. To make wind and solar power more reliable contributors to the energy mix and a key player in attaining a sustainable, low-carbon energy future, the results imply that energy storage is crucial.
Islamist movements in Egypt between protest and violence
Notre article vise en premier lieu à observer et analyser les épisodes de violence que des groupes islamistes caractérisés par une vision intransigeante ont accompli en Egypte au cours des années 1977 ; et c’est pour cette raison qu’il est nécessaire de nous concentrer exclusivement sur ladite année. Cependant les exigences de l’analyse nous obligent à ne pas nous cantonner à cette période, en considérant que ce courant et ces associations sont un sujet d’étude présentant une problématique particulière dans laquelle interviennent différents facteurs et toutes sortes de changements et de niveaux d’analyse. Parfois il n’est pas possible de comprendre un courant sans remonter historiquement à ses origines et sans une vision globale des conditions et des vicissitudes dans lesquelles elle est apparue et dans le cadre desquelles elle a pris forme. A la lumière de ces réflexions, il convient de commencer cette étude par l’émergence des « groupes islamistes », en s’intéressant, au passage, aux aspects doctrinaux qui ont accompagné cette apparition, pour bien saisir le diagramme des idées et des formes de ces organisations ces dernières années. Il faudra parler ensuite de la « référence religieuse » des groupes islamistes et des problématiques du « moment historique » qui ont accompagné leurs naissances et leurs évolutions. Il semble indispensable de signaler que la manière d’aborder la naissance et les lignes de pensée de ces groupes sera centrée sur le principe de l’anathème ou accusation d’impiété, qui est conçu comme la pierre angulaire de la notion d’opposition au régime politique.
The Impact of Globalization on Agricultural Trade and Its Effect on Local Farmers
In recent years, globalisation has had a considerable impact on the trade in agricultural goods, which has led to important shifts in the ways in which farmers all over the globe connect with both one another and with customers. The consequences of globalisation on agricultural commerce are investigated, with a special emphasis placed on the toll that globalisation has had on domestic agricultural producers. The rise in the level of competitiveness on a worldwide scale is one of the aspects of the globalisation of agricultural commerce that has had the most important impact. Farmers from various nations are now able to compete with one another more effectively in global marketplaces as a result of the reduction of trade barriers and the improvement in the efficiency of transportation. Because of this, prices have fluctuated, and local farmers are under additional pressure to improve their output while simultaneously decreasing their expenses. The growth of major multinational businesses as the dominant players in the agriculture sector is another effect that globalisation has had on agricultural commerce. There is a further concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a small number of significant actors as a result of these businesses, which often have more resources and better access to global markets than small-scale local farmers.
Reason and Its Limitations in the Thought of Abdullah Laroui
The project of Abdullah Laroui is considered one of the most important intellectual projects in the Arab world. Through it, he aimed to establish an Arab modernity, by means of a group of intellectual works, among the most important of which is the concept of reason. Laroui does not provide us with a clear concept of this reason nor does he give us a theory in this field; rather, he attempts to show us how this Arab-Islamic reason thinks through his reading of this reason from its beginnings up to the present day, that is, the method or approach by which this reason produces itself. Laroui attempted to establish a distinction between two types of reason. The first is that the reason intended by the hypothesis of the correlation between religion and reason does not signify the meaning conveyed by the concept of reason in its classical philosophical contents, nor in its modern usage in human thought. The second is that reason and rationality are not purely theoretical matters determined by the degree to which a given thought enjoys logical and methodological coherence, or by its ability to construct a coherent system of ideas and knowledge. Rather, they are primarily practical matters, related to the extent to which the idea is embodied in reality and transformed from conviction into material behavior, manifested in actions, relations, and institutions. Through this distinction, it can be said that Abdullah Laroui distinguishes between theoretical reason—which dominated Arab philosophical thought throughout its history—and practical reason, which is a necessary reason in order to change Arab reality in the first place. The aim of this study is to examine the concept of reason in contemporary Arab philosophical thought, to highlight the status of reason in the writings of Abdullah Laroui, to clarify the limitations that Laroui assigned to it, and to reveal the reasons that led him to reject absolute reason and replace it with practical reason.
Sustainability Reporting Practices and Corporate Financial Performance
Sustainability reporting has gained increasing importance as organizations face growing pressure from stakeholders to disclose their environmental, social, and governance practices. the relationship between sustainability reporting practices and corporate financial performance, focusing on how transparent disclosure of sustainability initiatives influences firm profitability, market value, and investor confidence. Using secondary data from corporate sustainability reports and financial statements, the study analyzes the impact of sustainability reporting on key financial performance indicators such as return on assets, return on equity, and market-based measures. firms with comprehensive and consistent sustainability reporting practices tend to exhibit stronger financial performance and improved market reputation. Effective sustainability reporting enhances transparency, reduces information asymmetry, and supports long-term value creation. The growing relevance of sustainability disclosure as a strategic tool for improving financial outcomes and strengthening stakeholder trust in an increasingly sustainability-conscious business environment.
The Impact of a Proposed Educational-Sports Program of Developing Basic Speed Components (Sprint, Reaction, And Movement Frequency Speed) On Third-Year Students of Physical Education and Sports
This study aims to evaluate the impact of a proposed educational sports program based on Speed-Agility-Quickness (SAQ) training and small-sided games on developing basic speed components (sprint, reaction, and movement frequency speed) on third-year middle school students (aged between 14-15 years old). The study is experimental in design, it was conducted on a population of third year students at "Zighoud Youcef" Middle School in "Setif" Province, Algeria. A 40-student sample was purposively chosen and divided into two equivalent groups (experimental and control). Pre- and post- tests measurements were used to assess and measure the impact of the treatment. The proposed program was applied on the experimental group for eight weeks, at the rate of three sessions per week, while the control group followed the regular curriculum. The results showed statistically significant differences (???? < 0.05 p<0.05) in favor of the experimental group across all speed components, with medium to large effect sizes (???? > 0.6 d>0.6), confirming the effectiveness of the proposed program. The study recommends integrating of specific speed training and small-sided games within physical education classes to enhance motor skills in adolescents.
The Legal System for the Liability of the Sea Carrier regarding the Electronic Sales Contract
The legal system for transport varies depending on the means of transport and the medium in which it is performed, such that a special legal system exists for each of land transport, maritime transport, and air transport. Furthermore, the difference in the subject matter of transport necessitated the application of a different legal system depending on whether the transport is of things or persons. It is noted that maritime transport is subject to special rules contained in the Algerian Maritime Code and the Brussels Convention related to the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading signed on 25/08/1924. However, the inability of this convention, in lived reality, to keep pace with economic development - since it served the interests of carrier nations more than shipping nations, especially in the field of exemption from liability -created a need to change this situation. This led to the appearance of the amending Protocol to the Brussels Convention in 1968, followed by the Protocol amending this Protocol in 1997, and before that, the Hamburg Convention was signed on 31/03/1978, from which the Algerian legislator derived most of his provisions regarding the liability of the sea carrier. The liability of the sea carrier holds extreme importance among various topics of maritime law, thus occupying the forefront among transport topics due to the numerous disputes it raises before the judiciary because of the obstacles and problems that may encounter the process of transporting goods, which may lead to the damage of goods, potentially inflicting considerable harm on their owner, often substantial due to the large quantity transported across the sea. The provisions of the sea carrier's liability are of great importance, which prompted the Algerian legislator to regulate them in the manner that will be elucidated.
Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors for Flexible Electronics
The design and synthesis of organic semiconductors have emerged as essential components in the development of flexible electronics. These semiconductors provide a variety of distinct benefits, including mechanical flexibility, lightweight qualities, and the possibility of low-cost production. Recent developments in the synthesis of organic semiconductor materials, with a particular emphasis on molecular design techniques that improve charge transfer, stability, and processability. The engineering of conjugated polymers, small molecules, and hybrid materials that exhibit high carrier mobility and robust mechanical properties is one of the most important approaches. These materials are suited for use in flexible displays, sensors, and wearable electronics. The possibility for these materials to be commercialized has been expedited as a result of developments in chemical synthesis processes, such as solution processing and roll-to-roll printing. In spite of the substantial progress that has been made, there are still obstacles to overcome in order to establish long-term stability, achieve large-area homogeneity, and maximize the performance of organic semiconductors for flexible electronics. this article discusses the present state of research, focusing on both the opportunities and the challenges that are involved in improving the field of organic semiconductors for next-generation flexible electronic technology.
The Importance of Communication between Family and School for Parents
Communication between the family and the school plays a major role in the educational and pedagogical process. The school needs the support of the family, with whom the student spends most of his time under its care. Therefore, cooperation between the family and the school must take place through mutual participation, embodied in traditional contact with the school by parents, parents’ participation in school activities, and the follow-up of schooled children at home and in the school environment. This reflects the extent to which parents perceive the importance of communication between the family and the school. This constitutes the problem of our study, whose results showed that despite the existence of communication between the family and the school, it remains only relative, that is, according to urgent need. Most parents do not contact the school except when there is a strict necessity, or at the request of the school, or upon the insistence of their children only. In addition, they do not participate in various school activities, and even their participation occurs only when their own child is directly concerned. Moreover, despite parents’ interest in helping their children at home, they do not pay much attention to accompanying them to their schools. Therefore, unfortunately, a lack of parents’ awareness of the importance of communication between the family and the school appears.
Behavioural Finance and Its Role in Stock Market Decision-Making
Behavioural finance examines how psychological factors and cognitive biases influence the financial decision-making of investors, challenging the traditional assumption of fully rational behaviour in financial markets. the role of behavioural finance in stock market decision-making, with particular focus on how emotions, heuristics, and biases such as overconfidence, herd behaviour, and loss aversion affect investment choices. Using secondary data and insights from existing empirical studies, the impact of behavioural factors on trading behaviour, risk perception, and portfolio selection. The findings suggest that investor decisions in the stock market are often driven by psychological influences rather than purely by fundamental analysis, leading to market anomalies and irrational price movements. The importance of understanding behavioural finance concepts to improve investment decision-making, enhance market efficiency, and support the development of more informed and disciplined investment strategies.
The Role of ICTs and AI in Supporting Sustainable Local Development Efforts in Algeria
This study aims to review and analyze the role of information and communication technology and artificial intelligence in supporting and promoting sustainable local development efforts in Algeria by highlighting its theoretical and knowledge framework, its potential and practical applications, and the reality of experience in Algeria through models of local groups and monitoring the challenges associated with them, and future opportunities. Considering the depth of interdependence and impact between smart technology and development in our time.
Evaluating the Influence of Sleep Quality on Physical Health and Well-Being: Current Evidence and Future Directions
This paper examines the significant role of sleep quality in influencing physical health and overall well-being. Sleep is a fundamental biological process that impacts various aspects of health, yet modern lifestyles often compromise sleep quality, leading to potential adverse effects. This review synthesizes current evidence on how sleep quality affects physical health, including its relationship with chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Additionally, the paper explores the broader impact of sleep quality on mental health, cognitive function, and daily functioning. poor sleep quality is associated with increased risk of chronic illnesses, impaired immune function, and reduced quality of life. The mechanisms through which sleep quality influences health, such as hormonal regulation, inflammatory responses, and metabolic processes, are discussed. interventions and strategies aimed at improving sleep quality and their effectiveness in enhancing health outcomes. Future directions for research are identified, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies to better understand the causal relationships between sleep quality and health outcomes. The paper calls for a multi-disciplinary approach to developing and implementing evidence-based strategies to address sleep issues and promote overall well-being.
The Author and Holders of Related Rights: Difference in Legal Status and Equality in Legal Protection
The study consists in examining the various practical issues affecting the author and holders of related rights, as the study addressed the legal protection of both the author and holders of related rights, by casting light on the difference in the legal status of each of them and the supremacy of the author’s legal status, in addition to addressing the requirements of the issue of equality in legal protection between them.
Regional Inequalities and Development Gaps: A Geographical Perspective
Regional inequalities and development gaps have emerged as a central concern in geographical studies, reflecting uneven patterns of economic growth, resource distribution, infrastructure development, and social well-bei)ng across different regions. Despite globalization and national development policies, disparities persist between urban and rural areas, core and peripheral regions, and developed and underdeveloped states, reinforcing cycles of marginalization. From a geographical perspective, such inequalities are shaped not only by historical legacies of colonialism and industrialization but also by locational advantages, accessibility to markets, natural resource endowments, and governance structures. While metropolitan regions often benefit from agglomeration economies, advanced infrastructure, and policy prioritization, peripheral and rural regions frequently face inadequate investments, limited connectivity, and weaker institutional capacity, widening the development divide. These disparities manifest in multiple dimensions such as income, education, healthcare, employment opportunities, and environmental sustainability, leading to spatial injustice and migration pressures. Mapping and analyzing these inequalities through geographical tools such as spatial analysis, GIS, and regional planning frameworks helps to identify development hotspots and lagging areas, offering insights into spatially balanced growth strategies. Addressing regional inequalities requires a multidimensional approach that integrates economic reforms, inclusive policies, decentralization, and sustainable development initiatives tailored to the unique geographic realities of each region. Thus, a geographical perspective not only highlights the patterns and causes of development gaps but also provides pathways for reducing spatial disparities and fostering balanced regional development in the long term.
Mechanisms for the Prevention and Combat of Neighborhood Gangs in Light of Ordinance No. 20-03 Dated August 30, 2020
This study aims to shed light on the phenomenon of neighborhood gangs, which represent one of the most dangerous forms of criminal activity affecting all countries, including Algerian society. Due to the severe impact these gangs have on public safety and social stability, the Algerian legislator intervened to curb this serious threat by issuing Ordinance No. 20-03 on the prevention and combat of neighborhood gangs. This ordinance includes several measures—some preventive, others punitive. We found that the Algerian legislator dedicated a specific law to this phenomenon, placing strong emphasis on the preventive aspect in order to limit its spread. The study also provides a set of recommendations that we consider essential for preventing and countering this dangerous issue.
The Evolution of Narrative Techniques in Postmodern Cinema
The evolution of narrative techniques in postmodern cinema reflects a decisive break from classical storytelling structures and linear plot progression. Emerging prominently in the late 20th century, postmodern films challenge traditional narrative coherence through fragmentation, non-linear timelines, unreliable narration, intertextuality, and self-reflexivity. Rather than presenting a unified and stable reality, postmodern cinema often foregrounds ambiguity, irony, and playful experimentation with form. Filmmakers such as Quentin Tarantino and Christopher Nolan have popularized complex narrative structures that disrupt chronological order and invite active audience interpretation. Their works frequently blend genres, reference earlier cinematic traditions, and blur distinctions between reality and fiction. These techniques encourage viewers to question narrative authority and engage more critically with the storytelling process. Postmodern cinema also reflects broader cultural conditions shaped by globalization, media saturation, and digital technology. The influence of television, advertising, and online media has contributed to rapid editing styles, layered storytelling, and heightened intertextual references. In this context, narrative becomes less about presenting a singular truth and more about exploring multiplicity, perception, and constructed realities.
Digital Creativity in the Virtual Content of the Algerian Economic Institution
The study entitled “Digital Creativity in the Virtual Content of Algerian Economic Institutions” aims to identify the concept of digital creativity by examining its dimensions in the Facebook posts of the institutions under study. This was achieved through a research approach that included three (3) methodological frameworks, starting with the conceptual and theoretical framework, followed by the theoretical rooting of the study variables, the applied framework for analyzing the content of the institution's official virtual page, then relying on content analysis methodology and virtual viewing of the economic institution's page under study, reinforced by indirect exploratory interviews to determine the extent to which the hypotheses' indicators were achieved and to answer the question posed. The following conclusions were reached: - The virtual content of the economic institution in the field of study includes patterns of digitization of its services to its customers. - The virtual content of the economic institution in the field of study includes patterns of digital promotion to raise awareness in the community. - The virtual content of the economic institution under study includes patterns of digitization of its administrative functions, through exploratory evidence, as the institution under study does not publish its functions virtually.-
Digital Bodies, Altered Psychism’s: Technology and the Reconfiguration of Embodiment
Emerging digital technologies—such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and networked avatars—are transforming how human beings experience their bodies, their selves, and their interactions with the world. This review explores the reconfiguration of embodiment in digital contexts and its implications for psychisme—the interwoven psychological and bodily sense of self. Drawing on research from cognitive science, media studies, phenomenology, psychology, and technology studies, we examine how digital bodies (e.g., avatars, VR embodiments) reshape bodily self-perception, emotion, identity, and agency. Virtual embodiment studies demonstrate that owning a virtual body can alter emotional responses, cognition, and attitudes beyond mere perceptual experience, creating hybrid forms of presence that blend physical and digital selves. Cultural perspectives emphasize how digital bodies are situated within social structures and power relations, with technologies mediating embodiment in contexts of inequality and augmentation. Clinical and applied dimensions reveal potential for VR and avatar embodiment in wellbeing, mental health, and behavioral change. We conclude by proposing integrative frameworks for understanding digital embodiment that link the phenomenology of bodily experience with social, cultural, and technological dynamics shaping the contemporary psychisme.
Cybersecurity : Reading In Terms And Concepts
The technological revolution currently sweeping the world has had numerous social, economic, and political repercussions, damaging international relations and embroiling many governments in conflicts and wars involving various weapons and military equipment. However, the most prominent threat facing humanity as a whole is cybersecurity, or what is known as cyberattacks, which have become the theater of electronic space, replacing traditional conflicts and wars. Powerful nations use these attacks to target other nations' information systems in an effort to compromise their networks, take control of them, and ultimately dominate global communications and information systems.
Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications in Decision-Making Problems
Fuzzy set theory is an important mathematical approach used to deal with uncertainty, vagueness, and imprecise information in complex systems. Unlike classical set theory, where elements either belong or do not belong to a set, fuzzy set theory allows elements to have varying degrees of membership. it particularly useful for modeling real-world situations where information is not always precise or clearly defined. Developed to address limitations in traditional mathematical models, fuzzy set theory has become widely applied in areas that require flexible decision-making methods. the role of fuzzy set theory in solving decision-making problems, especially in situations involving uncertainty and incomplete information. By using fuzzy logic and membership functions, decision-makers can evaluate multiple criteria and assign different levels of importance to various factors. This approach allows more realistic analysis of complex problems compared to traditional binary decision methods.
Social Behavior and Its Psychosocial Correlates Among Workers
Social behavior represents a critical dimension of human interaction, influencing both individual well-being and organizational effectiveness. Among workers, social behavior is closely intertwined with psychological and social factors, including emotional intelligence, stress management, interpersonal relationships, and social adaptation. Understanding the psychosocial correlates of social behavior can provide insight into how employees interact with colleagues, respond to organizational challenges, and contribute to a positive work environment. This study examines the relationship between social behavior and psychosocial factors among workers, focusing on how psychological well-being, social support, and interpersonal competencies affect workplace behavior. The study highlights that employees with higher levels of social and psychological adjustment demonstrate more effective communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills, which enhance productivity and organizational cohesion. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the role of organizational interventions, leadership support, and workplace policies in promoting positive social behavior among workers. By exploring these dynamics, the study offers practical recommendations for fostering healthy social interactions, improving employee satisfaction, and strengthening organizational performance.
Stress Management Strategies and Psychological Well-Being
Stress is an inevitable part of modern life and, when unmanaged, can have serious consequences for psychological well-being. Prolonged exposure to stress is associated with mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, and reduced quality of life. various stress management strategies and their influence on psychological well-being. Techniques such as mindfulness, relaxation training, physical activity, time management, and social support are discussed as effective methods for reducing stress and enhancing emotional resilience. The relationship between effective stress management and improved mental health outcomes, including better mood regulation, cognitive functioning, and coping ability, is emphasized. The importance of adopting healthy stress management practices as a preventive approach to maintaining psychological well-being in both personal and professional contexts.
Innovation as a Strategic Mechanism for Economic, Educational, Industrial, and Agricultural Development in the Modern Era: A Demographic Perspective
Innovation is a key driver of sustainable development across various economic, educational, industrial, and agricultural sectors. This research paper addresses the role of innovation from a demographic perspective, emphasizing that population dynamics, including age structure, distribution of human capital, migration, and urban expansion, influence innovation and are influenced by it at the same time. The study assumes that achieving effective development through innovation requires aligning it with demographic characteristics, with a focus on investing in education, developing skills, and spreading technology on a wide scale. Using a descriptive analytical approach based on demographic theory and development economics, the paper reviews how innovation contributes to enhancing productivity, resilience, and sustainability in the main sectors. In education, innovation raises the quality of learning and reduces demographic disparities through digitalization and lifelong learning. In industry, technological innovation together with demographic dividends contributes to strengthening competitiveness and improving the quality of job opportunities. In agriculture, innovation supports food security and enhances the ability to adapt to climate change in light of population growth and rural transformations. The results indicate that integrating innovation policies with demographic planning strategically leads to more inclusive and effective development outcomes. The study concludes that innovation should be viewed not only as a technological process but also as a population-centered strategy that mobilizes human capital to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Solid-State Electrolytes for Safer and High-Performance Lithium Batteries
An attractive alternative to traditional liquid electrolytes that could lead to safer, more energy-dense, and longer-lasting lithium batteries is the solid-state electrolyte (SSE) transition. Dendrite development and thermal runaway are among the safety problems that can occur when using traditional liquid electrolytes, despite their efficiency in ionic conduction. These electrolytes also have issues with flammability, leakage, and low electrochemical stability, which makes them incompatible with high-capacity lithium metal anodes. One possible solution to these problems is the use of solid-state electrolytes, which can improve safety and performance while also being non-flammable, physically robust, and having a large electrochemical window. These materials include composite hybrids, inorganic ceramics, and polymers. The ionic conductivities of ceramic electrolytes based on sulfides or oxides have recently been enhanced to levels comparable to those of liquid systems, while SSEs made of polymers or composites have shown remarkable improvements in processability, interfacial contact, and flexibility. There are still some major obstacles to overcome, such as ceramics' mechanical brittleness, dendritic penetration, and the low room-temperature conductivity of many polymer systems. Various approaches are being considered to overcome these constraints, including engineering the interface, using nanofillers, and creating hybrid SSEs. In addition, ionic transport, electrode compatibility, scalability, and cost must all be carefully considered when incorporating SSEs into realistic solid-state battery designs.
Bioethics Between the Ambition of Science and the Paradox of Ethical Values
This article addresses the enormous scientific development in the modern era, especially in the field of biology, and the impact of this development on ethical and human values. The article begins by presenting an overview of the major scientific revolutions that the modern era has witnessed, namely the information revolution, the revolution of matter, and the biological revolution. It focuses particularly on the biological revolution that led to astonishing discoveries in understanding living beings, especially humans, such as the discovery of the genetic code (DNA) and the ability to intervene in the genetic structure. The article concludes that contemporary scientific and biological development has achieved many positive accomplishments for human well-being, but at the same time it represents a danger to human dignity and the sanctity of human life if it is not dealt with with ethical responsibility. Therefore, philosophy and human values must remain present and active in guiding scientific and biological research.
Algerian Literature and Collective Memory: How History Is Re-Read
The introduction is considered a fundamental element in understanding the deep relationship between Algerian literature and collective memory, as it allows us to reflect on how national identity has been shaped through literary symbols over the ages. Literature, as a mirror of a people’s conflicts, reflects their experiences, tragedies, and victories, making it a powerful tool for re-reading history in a way that combines documentation and creativity. In the Alge-rian context, literature appears as a flexible means to evoke events of struggle and re-sistance, transforming them into literary symbols that feed the collective memory, thereby strengthening the national fabric and establishing renewed historical awareness. The importance of the introduction in this context is highlighted by its role in establishing a knowledge base to understand how literature can serve as a platform for expressing identity, a critical practice for history, and a corrective for distorted or suppressed historical memory. It lays the foundation for understanding that history is reshaped and interpreted through words and meanings, and that collective memory is not merely an individual event but an accumulation of stories and events preserved and repeatedly reaffirmed by the people through literature. From this perspective, Algerian literature becomes more than just art; it is an effective means to retrieve the lost tapes of the nation’s history and revive them in the form of texts that allow new generations to envision the horizons of identity and belonging.
Targeted Drug Delivery Using Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers
Modern nanomedicine relies on customized drug delivery technologies to boost therapeutic efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity. Stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers can release therapeutic drugs in reaction to internal or external triggers, allowing spatiotemporal drug delivery control. These smart devices deliver drugs selectively using physiological cues like pH gradients, redox potential, enzyme activity, and hypoxia in sick tissues and external stimuli like temperature, magnetic fields, ultrasound, and light. Amphiphilic block copolymers, dendrimers, and hydrogels, which self-assemble into micelles, vesicles, and nanoparticles, have been designed with specific physicochemical features thanks to polymer chemistry. Active targeting ligands including antibodies, peptides, and aptamers boost site-specific accumulation and strengthen the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers boost drug bioavailability, diminish multidrug resistance, and improve cancer, inflammatory, and neurological disease treatment outcomes in recent preclinical and clinical trials. To implement these technologies in clinical practice, scalability, repeatability, biocompatibility, and regulatory approval must be addressed.
Smart Programs and the Transformation of Language Teaching Strategies in the Digital Age: A Theoretical and Pragmatic Perspective
This paper explores the transformative impact of intelligent programs on language teaching strategies in the digital era. Moving beyond traditional prescriptive models, the study examines the shift toward interactive, learner-centered approaches facilitated by adaptive technologies. Central to this discussion are core concepts such as adaptive personalization, immediate feedback, learning analytics, and intelligent assessment, which are analyzed within a precise conceptual framework. The research proposes a theoretically grounded model that balances customization with comparability across contexts and suggests conceptual indicators for measuring the impact on both receptive and productive language skills. The added value lies in providing standardized conceptualizations of adaptive learning and intelligent assessment to guide future governance of smart program adoption across diverse linguistic settings.
Role of Genetic Variation in Human Disease Susceptibility
Genetic variation plays a crucial role in determining individual susceptibility to human diseases. Variations in DNA sequence, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, deletions, and structural variants, influence gene expression and protein function, thereby affecting biological pathways related to health and disease. This paper examines the role of genetic variation in human disease susceptibility, focusing on how inherited genetic differences contribute to the risk, progression, and severity of both common and rare disorders. The interaction between genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping disease outcomes. Advances in genomic technologies, such as genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing, have enhanced understanding of complex diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological conditions. The paper also discusses the implications of genetic variation for personalized medicine, risk prediction, and targeted therapies. It concludes that understanding genetic diversity is essential for improving disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, while also raising important ethical considerations related to genetic testing and data privacy.
Protection of the Foreign Investor in Algeria from Abuse in Expropriation
This article addresses the protection of the foreign investor in Algeria from abuse in expropriation by reviewing the legal framework that guarantees the state’s right to expropriate the foreign investor’s property while respecting individual ownership and the public interest. The article reviews the forms of expropriation, whether individual or public, and the conditions of their legal validity to ensure administrative non-abuse. It also focuses on the safeguards established to protect the foreign investor from arbitrary state practices, highlighting the importance of fair and equitable compensation that covers damages resulting from expropriation and balances the rights of the state and the investor, thereby ensuring the attraction of foreign investment and enhancing confidence in the Algerian investment climate.
Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Integration: Toward a Low-Carbon Transport System
The transition to a low-carbon transport system requires the simultaneous electrification of mobility and decarbonization of electricity generation. Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely recognized as a critical pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, yet their environmental benefits depend largely on the carbon intensity of the power systems that supply them. Integrating EV deployment with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind offers a transformative opportunity to align transport electrification with clean energy expansion. the synergies and challenges associated with integrating EVs into renewable-dominated power systems. On one hand, rising EV adoption increases electricity demand and may strain grids if charging is unmanaged. On the other hand, EVs provide flexible load capacity and distributed storage potential that can help balance variable renewable generation. Smart charging strategies, time-of-use pricing, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies enable EVs to absorb excess renewable energy during periods of high generation and supply electricity back to the grid when demand peaks.
The Legal Framework Governing Company Mergers and Transformations According to Algerian Commercial Law
Undoubtedly, the reforms and amendments adopted by the Algerian legislator regarding company mergers and transformations under the Algerian Commercial Law issued in 2022 focused on the importance of these legislative reforms in enhancing the legal environment to attract labor and investments and to stimulate economic development in Algeria. This research highlights the relevant provisions in Algerian legislation that regulate company mergers and transformations, emphasizing the procedures and conditions required to implement these operations transparently and legally. It also discusses the economic and legal impacts of these operations on shareholders, companies, and the national economy. The research examines the efforts made by the Algerian legislator to regulate these operations meticulously within commercial law, encouraging investors and companies to benefit from this new legal framework. This research highlights how to improve the labor environment in Algeria by regulating company transformations and mergers and how to promote stability and economic growth in the country.
Social Support Systems and Their Contribution to Individual Well-Being
Social support systems play a vital role in promoting individual well-being by providing emotional, informational, and practical assistance during times of need. Support from family, friends, peers, and community networks helps individuals cope with stress, enhances emotional stability, and improves overall quality of life. the contribution of social support systems to individual well-being, focusing on their impact on mental health, physical health, and psychological resilience. Strong social connections are associated with reduced risk of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, as well as better physical health outcomes and longevity. different forms of social support and their role in fostering a sense of belonging and security. It concludes that effective social support systems are essential for maintaining individual well-being and should be strengthened through community engagement and supportive social environments.
Artificial Intelligence and Its Role in Enhancing University Research – A Descriptive-Analytical Study
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies in modern society, profoundly influencing all sectors, including higher education and academic research. This study examines the role of AI in improving the quality of university research and facilitating academic promotion, highlighting the integration of AI technologies into research, analysis, and scientific publication processes. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, drawing upon local and international experiences to investigate the benefits and challenges of AI, including legal, ethical, and academic considerations. The study concludes with practical recommendations for effectively adopting AI in Algerian universities, with the goal of enhancing research productivity, promoting innovation, and aligning university practices with global standards.
Environmental Impact of Chemical Pollutants and Emerging Techniques for Water Purification
Chemical contaminants pose a significant threat to ecosystems and humans alike when they end up in water supplies. The contamination of freshwater resources by untreated effluent, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste poses major risks to aquatic ecosystems, increases the prevalence of water-borne infections, and worsens water quality, among other negative impacts. toxic chemicals, especially those with an established track record of impacting the endocrine system, including heavy metals, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, and others in a similar vein. As if that weren't bad enough, these pollutants bioaccumulate in aquatic creatures, creating long-term ecological and public health issues. Additionally, the article delves into the topic of emerging water filtration techniques that are being worked on to mitigate the impact of these pollutants. Emerging as viable approaches for cleaning polluted water of harmful compounds are bioremediation, membrane filtration, nanotechnology, and enhanced oxidation processes, among others. Solutions that are sustainable, affordable, and scalable are given precedence, regardless of whether they operate in developed or developing nations. the potential issues that may develop as a result of utilising these technologies, such as energy requirements, the proper disposal of waste, and the possibility of secondary contamination. This paper reviews current and future trends in water purification, highlighting the critical need for new solutions to ensure the safe and sustainable use of water resources in the face of increasing chemical pollution.
Representations of Older Women in Algerian Television Programs: Between Media Exclusion and the Imperative of Social Care
This study aims to analyze the representations of older women in Algerian television programs by uncovering the mechanisms of media exclusion that mark their presence, contrasted with the dominance of a social-care discourse as the primary framework for their appearance. The study adopts a sociological–communication approach grounded in the theory of social representations of gender, the concept of symbolic violence, and the intersectional approach to understand the overlap of gender- and age-based discrimination within television discourse. The results show that aging is not excluded per se, but is reframed according to gender affiliation; the older man is granted legitimacy to appear as an expert or analyst, whereas the older woman is excluded from positions of cognitive agency or reduced to narratives of pity and care. The study concludes that Algerian television channels reproduce symbolic representations that legitimize male dominance and exclude older women from the public sphere, stressing the necessity of shifting from a logic of care to a logic of recognition and empowerment.
Charging Infrastructure Development and Its Role in Accelerating EV Adoption
The expansion of charging infrastructure is a decisive factor in accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide. While advancements in battery technology and supportive policy frameworks have strengthened the case for electric mobility, limited access to reliable and convenient charging remains a primary barrier to widespread consumer acceptance. This study examines the development of EV charging infrastructure and evaluates its role in shaping adoption patterns across urban and semi-urban regions. different types of charging systems, including residential charging, public slow chargers, and fast-charging networks, assessing their technical characteristics, cost structures, and integration challenges. Particular attention is given to infrastructure density, geographic distribution, grid capacity, and interoperability standards, which significantly influence user confidence and range perception. The concept of range anxiety is examined as a behavioral constraint that can be mitigated through visible and accessible charging networks.
The Problem of Criminal Liability for Cybercrimes Using Artificial Intelligence
Recent years have witnessed a development in the field of artificial intelligence as a result of the tremendous progress in data processing technology. This development has shown the ability to significantly change lives, even in providing machines that can perform more complex and diverse tasks for widespread use in a group of sectors. This is due to its distinguished superior ability to develop its skills and build self-experience that allows it to make decisions independent of humans. The ability to face the most extreme circumstances makes artificial intelligence programs independent in their actions from the dependency of the producer, programmer, or user. However, artificial intelligence technologies have had serious repercussions as a result of their misuse, which has led to the emergence of new forms of crimes, whether crimes committed using artificial intelligence or crimes committed by artificial intelligence itself, which has begun to raise many problems, especially with regard to responsibility for the work of these programs and the extent of the suitability of current legislation and its ability to accommodate the characteristics of this technology. Accordingly, this study aims to focus on the problem of criminal liability for cybercrimes committed by artificial intelligence technologies.
Translation 2.0: Evolutionary Shifts in the AI Era
Driven by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, machine translation has achieved remarkable progress in recent years. The present research examines the impact of artificial intelligence on translation—an activity traditionally regarded as an exclusively human endeavor. Indeed, the increasing integration of AI into translational practice raises fundamental questions regarding its role, reliability, and inherent limitations. This study will review the history of automation in translation and the recent breakthroughs in dedicated applications. Furthermore, it will investigate the evolving role of the human translator, as well as the specific skills and knowledge required to navigate modern translation technologies. It will also address the necessity of a new translational ethics tailored to these technological shifts. Ultimately, this study will underscore the importance of human-machine collaboration within a competitive and constantly evolving environment.
Adoption of IFRS and Its Effect on Financial Statement Comparability
The global adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) represents one of the most significant developments in modern accounting. Designed to promote transparency, consistency, and comparability across international financial markets, IFRS has been implemented in numerous jurisdictions to harmonize accounting practices. the impact of IFRS adoption on financial statement comparability and evaluates whether the shift from domestic accounting standards to a unified global framework enhances the usefulness of financial information for investors and other stakeholders. the theoretical foundations of comparability and analyzes how uniform recognition, measurement, and disclosure requirements under IFRS influence cross-border financial analysis. the role of institutional factors, enforcement mechanisms, and firm-level incentives in shaping the effectiveness of IFRS implementation. While IFRS aims to reduce reporting diversity, variations in legal systems, regulatory quality, and managerial discretion may limit full comparability in practice.
The Stereotypical Image of Muslim Women in Some Belgian Writings
In recent decades, the representation of Muslim women has drawn significant attention from certain Belgian scholars and writers. Their works often focus on issues such as the headscarf, marriage, polygamy, inheritance, and divorce, portraying Muslim women through a lens that tends to reinforce stereotypes. This interest is largely influenced by the increasing Muslim population in Belgium, the rise of human rights and religious freedom discourses, and legislative measures prohibiting the wearing of the veil in public spaces and government institutions. Such portrayals have contributed to distorted images of Muslim women, impacting both public perception and social integration. This study critically examines these Belgian writings, highlighting the biases and misconceptions they propagate, and underscores the need for a more balanced understanding of Islamic teachings concerning women.
Forensic Accounting as a Tool for Detecting Financial Irregularities
The growing complexity of business transactions and the increasing incidence of financial fraud have heightened the demand for specialized investigative accounting practices. Forensic accounting has emerged as a critical tool for detecting, investigating, and preventing financial irregularities within organizations. the role of forensic accounting in identifying fraudulent activities, financial misstatements, asset misappropriation, and other forms of corporate misconduct. the techniques and methodologies employed in forensic accounting, including data analysis, financial ratio examination, digital forensics, litigation support, and fraud risk assessment. how forensic accountants combine accounting expertise, auditing skills, and investigative procedures to uncover concealed financial manipulation. the effectiveness of forensic accounting in strengthening internal controls, supporting legal proceedings, and enhancing corporate governance frameworks.
Technological Advancements in Electric Vehicles: The Evolution of Battery Technology and Its Impact on Performance
Electric vehicles' (EVs) performance has been greatly enhanced by technological breakthroughs, making them a more appealing and practical option for consumers across the globe. Electric vehicle range, efficiency, and price have all been greatly improved because to developments in battery technology, which are at the heart of these breakthroughs. a history of significant advancements in battery technology, with an emphasis on chemistry, energy density, charging rate, and cost. The effects of these technical advancements on electric vehicle performance, such as longer battery life, quicker charging times, and enhanced fuel economy. the problems that present-day battery technologies still have to deal with, including problems with degradation, recycling, and the effects of extracting raw materials on the environment. By looking at how electric vehicles are likely to change the car industry in the future and how battery technology is evolving, we can predict where they will go. In order to solve current problems and realise electric mobility's full potential, which will lead to a more efficient and environmentally friendly transportation system, it is crucial to keep investing in R&D.
Training Needs for High-Quality Classroom Management among Primary School Teachers in Inclusive Classrooms
This study seeks to contribute to the ongoing efforts undertaken by the Ministry of National Education to enhance the quality of teacher preparation and professional development. Within this broader reform agenda, the present research aims to identify the professional training needs associated with effective classroom management among primary school teachers working in inclusive classrooms. To investigate these needs, a structured interview protocol developed by the researcher was employed as the primary data collection instrument. The instrument was administered to a purposive sample consisting of fifty primary school teachers currently teaching in inclusive classrooms in the province of Setif, Algeria. The findings reveal the presence of significant professional development needs related to classroom management among the participating teachers. These needs were organized across four principal domains and ranked respectively as follows: instructional planning, behavioral management, organization of the classroom learning environment, and the need for targeted professional development programs proposed by teachers themselves to enhance their ability to manage classrooms that include students with special educational needs. The results highlight the importance of designing specialized training programs capable of supporting teachers in developing effective classroom management strategies within inclusive educational settings.
Green Chemistry Approaches for Sustainable Chemical Synthesis
Green chemistry has emerged as a vital approach for achieving sustainable chemical synthesis by minimizing environmental impact and improving resource efficiency. Traditional chemical processes often rely on hazardous reagents, generate large amounts of waste, and consume significant energy, contributing to pollution and ecological imbalance. the fundamental principles of green chemistry and their application in sustainable chemical synthesis. Key strategies discussed include the use of renewable raw materials, environmentally benign solvents, atom-economical reactions, energy-efficient processes, and catalytic methodologies. The role of alternative reaction media, such as water and ionic liquids, and modern techniques like microwave-assisted and solvent-free synthesis are also examined. Emphasis is placed on reducing toxicity, waste generation, and energy consumption while maintaining high reaction efficiency and product quality. how green chemistry approaches not only support environmental protection but also offer economic and industrial benefits by enhancing process safety and sustainability. The widespread adoption of green chemistry principles is essential for the future development of environmentally responsible and sustainable chemical industries.
The electronic court is considered a manifestation of the modernization of the justice system, as it relies on information and communication technology to carry out litigation procedures instead of traditional methods. It includes the digitization of filing lawsuits, exchanging memoranda, notifications, and holding remote sessions. It aims to accelerate case resolution, reduce the burden on courts, and achieve efficient justice, as well as contribute to lowering administrative costs and facilitating access to justice for litigants. However, its implementation faces technical and legislative challenges related to information security and infrastructure. Therefore, its success requires a clear legal framework and continuous training for judges and judicial assistants.
Smart Cities and Infrastructure: The Role of IoT in Modern Urban Development
Due to the fast-paced development of both technology and urbanisation, the idea of "smart cities" has recently received a lot of attention. Central to this change is the incorporation of the Internet of Things (IoT) into city infrastructure, which allows cities to improve their efficiency, sustainability, and responsiveness to resident requirements. The Internet of Things (IoT) has the ability to completely alter the way city life is organised and experienced by linking together a wide range of devices, sensors, and systems through a network. the Internet of Things (IoT) and its use in contemporary city planning, looking at how it might improve transportation, electricity, garbage collection, and security. the advantages of the Internet of Things, which include better management of resources, higher quality of life, and less environmental effect. Concerns about data privacy and security as well as infrastructural limits are further obstacles to the Internet of Things (IoT) deployment in smart cities. How the Internet of Things (IoT) can promote innovation in urban planning by analysing existing case studies and predicting future trends, thereby moulding tomorrow's cities into more sustainable, intelligent, and connected places.
Traditional Education and E-Learning : Continuity or Discontinuity
The concept of education has received great attention from researchers in various scientific disciplines, such as the social sciences, which have focused on studying its different aspects. Cognitive and sociological theories have addressed its various educational and pedagogical dimensions. This concept has witnessed significant development, especially after the rapid advancement of information and communication technologies, which have resulted in the emergence of new and diverse information services, most of which aim to promote different levels of education, including university education. After universities relied on traditional education, which determines the physical presence of both teacher and learner, e-learning emerged as a new method of education that does not recognize the spatial presence of either the teacher or the learner. It relies on information technology open to multiple technical media, contributing to its widespread adoption. In most cases, e-learning is adopted alongside traditional education, in what is called blended learning.
The Role of Government Policies in Accelerating Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Global Perspective
One of the most important things we can do to slow the rate of climate change is to switch to electric cars (EVs). High initial costs, a lack of charging infrastructure, and consumer reluctance are a few of the obstacles to electric vehicle broad adoption. In order to overcome these obstacles and speed up the adoption of EVs, government initiatives are crucial. the global role of government policies in encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles, with a focus on important policy tools such infrastructure development, subsidies, and tax incentives. Policy outcomes regarding electric vehicles in different parts of the world, including those with more established economies, such as the West, and those with more developing economies, such as Asia and Africa. The research focusses on the methods used and insights gained by nations that have effectively included electric vehicles into their transportation networks. the changing function of government programs in funding R&D, improving battery technology, and clearing the way for the use of renewable energy sources to charge electric vehicles. To achieve global sustainability and climate goals, it is crucial to have policy actions that are both coordinated and sustained in order to provide conditions favourable for electric vehicles.
The Impact of Cultural Sponsorship on the Purchasing Behavior of the Algerian Consumer: A Case Study of the Mobilis Agency
The study aimed to show the relationship of the impact of cultural sponsorship on the level of consumer purchasing behavior in its dimensions (information search, product preference, product purchase, product use). For this purpose, a questionnaire containing various necessary measurement indicators was prepared and distributed to a non-random sample estimated at 493 individuals. A set of results was reached, the most important of which is the presence of a statistically significant effect at the significance level 0.05 ≥ α for cultural sponsorship on the level of consumer purchasing behavior in its dimensions (information search, product preference, product purchase, product use). The most important recommendations consisted in strengthening the necessary financial support for the beneficiary of cultural sponsorship and monitoring how it is spent in order to ensure the achievement of the desired results.
The Representation of Women in Victorian Gothic Literature
The portrayal of women in Victorian Gothic literature, with a particular emphasis on the manner in which female characters are portrayed within the context of dread, desire, and the restrictions of society. The worries and tensions of the historical period are frequently reflected in some of the works of Victorian Gothic literature. This is especially true with relation to gender roles and the place of women in society. In this study, the multiple roles that are ascribed to women in Gothic horror are examined through an analysis of significant works. These texts include Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë, Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë, and Dracula by Bram Stoker. The study focusses on the dual roles that women are allocated as victims and perpetrators of Gothic horror. When it comes to the anxieties of transgression, moral degeneration, and the disintegration of conventional society norms, the Gothic genre takes advantage of female characters to embody these fears. Additionally, the research explores the reoccurring themes of confinement, lunacy, and the supernatural in relation to female characters. It demonstrates how these components serve to critique or promote contemporary notions about femininity and domesticity throughout the course of the study. This study contributes to a greater understanding of how the genre of Victorian Gothic literature reflects and interrogates the gender politics of the Victorian era by revealing the complicated and frequently conflicting images of women that can be found in Victorian Gothic literature.
Digital Transformation and the Reconfiguration of Institutional Organizations in Algeria : A Sociological Approach to Structures, Actors, and the Dynamics of Administrative Change
Digital Transformation represents one of the fundamental pillars for enhancing institutional performance and achieving sustainable development in Algeria, as reflected in the launch of the National Digital Transformation Strategy 2030. This study aims to analyze the reality of digital transformation from the perspective of organizational structures, with a focus on the structural challenges it faces, and to propose effective administrative mechanisms to accelerate the pace of transformation. The study adopted a descriptive approach by diagnosing the strategic and legislative framework, while reviewing relevant sectoral applications. The findings revealed a tangible gap between the declared ambitions and the institutional reality, where entrenched bureaucratic culture and the lack of digital competencies stand out as major organizational obstacles, surpassing infrastructure-related challenges. Moreover, the absence of a comprehensive legislative framework supporting digitization undermines the legal credibility of digital transactions. The study recommends redesigning administrative processes prior to their digitization, accelerating the issuance of laws related to digitization to strengthen the legal framework, and investing in the development of digital skills while activating incentive mechanisms within institutions, thereby ensuring the success of digital governance and enhancing the efficiency of public administration in Algeria.
Nutritional Stability and Psychological Well-being: Analyzing the Connection in Psychosomatic and Rare Disease Populations
Nutritional stability plays a criticaly etoftenunder explored role in shaping psychological well-being, particularly among individuals living with psychosomatic conditions and rare diseases. These populations frequently experience complex interactions between physiological dysfunction, chronic stress, and mental healthv ulnerability. This article examines the bidirectional relationship between nutritional balance and psychological well-being, emphasizing how nutritional deficiencies, metabolic instability, and dietary uncertainty contribute to anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic symptom exacerbation. Using an integrative analytical approach, the study synthesizes findings from nutritional psychiatry, psychosomatic medicine, and rare disease research to highlight shared mechanisms such as inflammation, gut–brain axis dysregulation, hormonal imbalance, and neuro chemical alterations. Furthermore, the article explores the psychosocial burden of rare diseases—including diagnostic delay, social isolation, and treatment uncertainty—and how nutritional instability amplifies these stressors. The paper argues that maintaining nutritional stability should be considered a core component of holistic care models for psychosomatic and rare disease populations. By proposing a multidisciplinary framework that integrate snutritional assessment, psychological support, and medical management, this study contributes to advancing patient-centered interventions aimed at improving mental resilience, quality of life, and long-term health outcomes.
The Psychological Impact of Urbanization on Mental Health
Rapid urbanization has transformed social structures, living conditions, and daily experiences across the globe. While urban environments offer economic opportunities, educational access, and healthcare facilities, they also introduce unique psychological stressors. High population density, noise pollution, social fragmentation, income inequality, and environmental degradation can significantly influence mental health outcomes. Studies have shown that individuals living in urban settings are at greater risk for anxiety disorders, depression, and stress-related conditions compared to rural populations. Global health agencies such as the World Health Organization recognize urban living as a key social determinant of mental health. Urban stressors, including overcrowding, limited green spaces, housing instability, and exposure to crime, can contribute to chronic stress and emotional strain. Additionally, fast-paced lifestyles and social isolation within densely populated areas may weaken community support networks, increasing vulnerability to psychological distress.
Parents' Educational Level and its Relationship to Enhance Writing and Reading Difficulties Among Elementary School Students - A Field Study From the Teachers' Perspective
Our study aimed to reveal the relationship between parents’ educational level and the improvement of writing and reading disorders among primary school pupils, as these are among the most widespread problems in the school environment at present, the topic was addressed by posing the central problematic question: Is there a relationship between parents’ educational level and the improvement of reading and writing disorders among their children in the primary stage from teachers’ perspectives? This was followed by a set of subsidiary questions, for which the study hypotheses were formulated as provisional answers. The study sample consisted of (100) male and female primary school teachers. The descriptive method was adopted, and a questionnaire on learning difficulties was used as a tool for data collection. Accordingly, some statistical methods were applied, including percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha, and the differences test (T-test). The results of the study were as follows: There is a relationship between parents’ educational level and the improvement of reading and writing disorders among their children in the primary stage. There is a role for parents’ educational level in improving reading disorders, whereas there is no role for parents’ educational level in improving writing disorders among their children in the primary stage from teachers’ perspectives. Parents’ educational level does not contribute to addressing their children’s academic disorders in the primary stage from teachers’ perspectives. There are no differences in the improvement of reading and writing disorders between males and females.
The importance of ethical leadership in building trust and long-term sustainability in organizations
This paper explores the pivotal role of ethical leadership in establishing trust and ensuring the long-term sustainability of organizations. Ethical leadership is the foundation upon which a culture of integrity, honesty, and transparency is built. It sets the tone for ethical decision-making at all levels of an organization, shaping the behavior of employees and influencing relationships with stakeholders. This paper provides a comprehensive framework that highlights the significance of ethical leadership, including its impact on trust-building, sustainability, and the development of an ethical decision-making framework. It also emphasizes the importance of accountability in upholding ethical standards. By examining real-world examples and case studies, this paper demonstrates how ethical leadership contributes to the success and reputation of organizations. It concludes with actionable recommendations for organizations to promote and sustain ethical leadership practices, thus contributing to a more ethical and responsible business environment in society. Ethical leadership is not merely a moral imperative but a strategic necessity for organizations striving for long-term viability and positive societal impact.
Role of Micronutrients in Disease Prevention and Immune Regulation
Micronutrients play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing the onset and progression of disease. Essential vitamins and trace minerals such as vitamins A, C, D, E, B-complex, zinc, iron, selenium, and copper are involved in immune cell development, antioxidant defense, inflammatory regulation, and pathogen clearance. Adequate micronutrient status supports both innate and adaptive immunity by enhancing barrier integrity, modulating cytokine responses, and promoting the function of immune cells including macrophages, lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. Conversely, deficiencies in key micronutrients are associated with impaired immune responses, increased susceptibility to infections, delayed recovery, and a higher risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers. Emerging evidence also highlights the role of micronutrients in regulating immune tolerance and reducing excessive inflammation, thereby contributing to disease prevention and overall health. the importance of balanced micronutrient intake through diet and, where necessary, supplementation as a cost-effective and preventive strategy to strengthen immune function and reduce disease burden across populations.
The Effect of Using Small Sided Games in Developing Basic Skills and Possession among Football Players
The study addressed “The Effect of Using Small‑Sided Games in Developing Basic Skills and Possession among Football Players” under 13 years of age. The researcher adopted an experimental method with two groups (experimental and control) to compare performance before and after applying a seven‑week training program. The results showed a significant improvement in the roll‑dribbling, passing, control, and shooting skills of the experimental group compared to the control group. It was also found that the small‑sided games approach contributes to raising performance efficiency under realistic playing pressure and increases both the duration and the number of possession passes. The study concluded that this method is effective and suitable for young age categories to develop technical and physical capacities in football.
The Impact of Stress and Anxiety on Sports Performance: A Psychological Analysis
Stress and anxiety are prevalent factors influencing athletic performance. While moderate levels of stress can enhance focus and motivation, excessive anxiety often leads to impaired decision-making, muscle tension, and reduced coordination. This paper examines the psychological mechanisms through which stress and anxiety affect sports performance. It also explores coping strategies such as mindfulness, cognitive behavioral techniques, and relaxation training. Findings suggest that managing stress effectively can improve concentration, confidence, and overall athletic success.
"Psychosocial Effects of Hearing Impairment in Children"
Childhood is considered the most important stage in a child’s life, as it lays the foundational roots of their personality. Experiences during this period leave clear and lasting effects on the child’s future personality and behavior. Hearing-impaired children represent a significant segment of society, and their hearing impairment leaves a noticeable imprint on their emotional life and inner repression. Hearing impairment constitutes a critical condition that imposes limitations on the child’s overall functioning, restricting their ability to communicate, form social relationships, and perform communicative functions effectively. This motivated our research to explore how children cope with hearing impairment and its impact on their behavior and personality
The Complexity of Diagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) diagnosis has been a topic of significant debate and scrutiny within the field of psychiatry. This critical review examines the existing diagnostic criteria for BPD and highlights several key issues., there is concern regarding the overlap between BPD and other personality disorders, making it challenging to differentiate accurately. The current criteria may not adequately capture the distinct features of BPD. the criteria rely heavily on observable behaviors and may not sufficiently consider the underlying psychological processes. BPD is often characterized by intense emotional dysregulation and unstable self-identity, which may not be adequately reflected in the current diagnostic framework. the categorical nature of the diagnosis may not account for the variability in symptom severity and presentation seen in individuals with BPD. A more dimensional approach might offer a better understanding of the disorder. cultural and gender biases in the diagnostic criteria need to be addressed to ensure a more accurate and inclusive assessment of BPD. this critical review suggests the need for a revaluation and refinement of the diagnostic criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder to better reflect its complexity and variability while minimizing biases. A more comprehensive understanding of BPD is essential for improved diagnosis and treatment.
Qur’anic Interpretation in al-Andalus: Leading Scholars in Light of Academic Studies: An Analytical Statistical Study
This study looks at the tafsir (Qur'anic interpretation) science developed in al-Andalus, where many scholars were known for their writing ability, classification capabilities and teaching methods in cities such as Cordoba, Seville, and Granada. The research analyzes manuscripts and academic contributions from when the Muslims took control in 711 until Granada fell in 1492. In comparing Andalusian tafsir with that from the Mashreq area, it becomes apparent that the focus of the former is more on its reception and enhancement than on where it originates. While Andalusian tafsir began in the 3rd century, it gained attention and prominence under Ibn Atiyya during the 6th century and then matured with Ibn Atiyya and others like Baqi ibn Makhlad, Maki ibn Ab Talib al-Qaysi, and Ahmad ibn Muhammed al-Ghazali during the 7th and 8th centuries. The present study will discuss the most prominent exegetes of Andalusian tafsir and review some of the academic research concerning these persons. Of note is that Ibn Atiyya received the most attention from scholars, while there is still considerable room for additional study in the area of Andalusian tafsir.
The Idea of Self in Upanishadic Philosophy
The concept of the self occupies a central position in the philosophical teachings of the Upanishads, which form an essential part of ancient Indian philosophical literature. The Upanishads explore profound questions concerning the nature of human existence, the relationship between the individual self and the ultimate reality, and the path to spiritual liberation. In these texts, the self is referred to as Atman, which is understood as the innermost essence of an individual and the source of consciousness. The Upanishadic sages emphasize that understanding the true nature of the self is essential for attaining spiritual knowledge and liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth. According to Upanishadic philosophy, the self is not identical with the physical body or the mind but represents a deeper spiritual reality that is eternal and unchanging. The Upanishads teach that the individual self (Atman) is ultimately identical with Brahman, the universal and absolute reality that underlies the entire universe. This realization is considered the highest form of knowledge and leads to liberation (moksha). Through philosophical inquiry, meditation, and self-reflection, individuals can overcome ignorance and realize this fundamental unity. This paper examines the idea of the self in Upanishadic philosophy and explores its metaphysical and spiritual implications. It analyzes the relationship between the self and ultimate reality and highlights the significance of self-knowledge in achieving liberation. The study also discusses the ethical and philosophical insights offered by the Upanishadic understanding of the self and its continuing relevance in contemporary philosophical discussions.
Language as a Social Phenomenon: The Foundations of Sociolinguistics and Its Historical Roots
This article addresses the issue of the relationship between language and society from the perspective of sociolinguistics, which has become one of the most expansive and branched modern knowledge fields. It seeks to establish an integrated critical conception that elucidates the roots of this science in Arab-Islamic heritage—represented by Sibawayh, Al-Jahiz, Ibn Jinni, and Ibn Khaldun—before reviewing its modern Western trajectory from Durkheim and de Saussure to Labov and Ferguson. The paper is also built upon a central proposition: that language is not an isolated system existing by itself, but rather a thoroughly social phenomenon. It is shaped by social structures and shapes them in return, carrying within its phonological, lexical, syntactic, and semantic levels the imprints of class, gender, geographical region, and religious and cultural affiliation.
"The Impact of Social Media on Language Evolution: Analyzing Changes in Online Communication"
Examining how online communication platforms have shaped language structures, lexicon, and communication practices, this study examines the impact of social media on language evolution. Vocabulary, grammar, and the development of new linguistic forms like hashtags, emoticons, and acronyms have all undergone fast changes due to the extensive usage of social media. thinking about the effects on conventional language standards as well as how the casual, rapid-fire character of internet communication encourages linguistic creativity. The study investigates the impact of social media influencers on language trends, changes in writing style, and the emergence of digital slang through a mix of survey data and content analysis. In addition, it delves into the social and cultural elements that play a part in the emergence of new language patterns and the part played by online communities in this process. A venue for the fast exchange of new words and expressions, social media speeds up language evolution, according to the findings. However, this phenomenon also raises concerns about the effect on language preservation and formal linguistic norms. Finding answers to questions about how we will communicate in the digital era ultimately comes down to the ever-changing nature of the bond between language and technology.
Towards Digital Literature: A New Concept and Another Classification – A New Section and a Different Understanding
With the dawn of the third millennium, the world, and the literary scene in particular, witnessed unprecedented advancements in media and communication technologies. This era relied on information mechanisms to globalize and digitize texts, resulting in the birth of a new genre known as digital literature.Therefore, this study aims to shed light on digital literature, a genre whose definition has been subject to differing opinions and has been mislabeled. This study seeks to clarify the nature of this genre and dispel the confusion surrounding it.
The Evolution of the Anti-Hero in 20th Century American Literature"
the history of the anti-hero in American literature of the twentieth century, from its genesis in the writings of the Lost Generation all the way to its intricate depictions in postmodern literature. In reaction to the existential and cultural crises of the twentieth century, the anti-hero—a person in literature who rejects conventional heroic traits like courage, morality, and idealism—rose to prominence. This study delves into three seminal works—American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger—to explore the ways in which the anti-hero embodies the modern American experience of moral ambiguity, alienation, and disillusionment. From the tragic heroes of the early 1900s, who struggle with disappointment and loss, to the morally grey characters of the middle of the century, who doubt social standards and the veracity of their own identities, the anti-hero reflects the shifting values and fears of the American mind. By the end of the twentieth century, the anti-hero had come to represent postmodern literature's ubiquitous cynicism and existential terror, and he had become a symbol of the broken self. This change demonstrates how the anti-hero continues to play an important role in American literature, as a character who forces readers to face difficult realities about themselves and the world around them.
The Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in Local Communities in Southern Algeria: Between Cultural Heritage and the Demands of Social Entrepreneurship
This paper aimed to assess the condition of women's social and economic empowerment in southern Algeria, focusing on the structural and cultural impediments that limit their participation in economic endeavors. The research sought to pinpoint obstacles such as marginalization, insufficient infrastructure, limited educational opportunities, tribal customs, and difficulties in accessing markets, while also highlighting avenues for sustainable development bolstered by governmental programs and social entrepreneurship efforts. The research is based on a descriptive-analytical approach supported by a field study in the provinces of Ghardaia, Tamanrasset and Adrar, where the results disclose a significant drop in educational level, the spread of the informal economy, and the relative dependence on state subsidies. On the other hand, the article highlights promising opportunities through government support programs, women's cooperatives, cultural tourism initiatives, and digital marketing, proposing a framework that promotes social entrepreneurship to accomplish sustainable local development for women.
The influence of emojis and digital text on language development in children
The study explores the significant influence of emojis and digital text on language development in children. It highlights how these multimodal tools alter communication methods, particularly in terms of vocabulary acquisition, syntactic construction, and the use of metalanguage. Emojis serve as visual cues that enrich discourse coherence and facilitate the expression of emotional nuances, while also prompting children to adapt their communication according to digital contexts. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative observations and quantitative assessments to analysed interactions among children aged 4 to 8 years. Key findings indicate that while emojis enhance understanding and engagement, they may also lead to simplified language structures, raising concerns about linguistic precision. The study emphasizes the importance of contextual factors, such as age and the family environment, in moderating these effects. It concludes by advocating for balanced educational strategies that integrate digital tools without compromising traditional language mastery, ensuring harmonious language development in an increasingly digital world.
"Representation and Identity in Film: Analyzing the Portrayal of Gender and Race in Modern Cinema"
the construction, deconstruction, and depiction of gender and race in contemporary films, as well as their portrayal and representation in modern cinema. exploring the ways in which filmmakers depict different gender and ethnic identities through storytelling, character creation, cinematography, and other filmic techniques, taking into account the pros and negatives of these depictions. The study examines the changing gender and racial representations in both mainstream and indie cinema, analysing how these depictions both uphold and question cultural views, stereotypes, and social conventions. investigating the ways in which gender and race connect to impact the lives of the characters. This study provides a critical evaluation of contemporary cinema by looking at important films from various cultural backgrounds and genres to see how it reinforces and challenges dominant narratives about gender and race. aspires to add to our knowledge of how cinema may shape, influence, and reflect cultural identity in a dynamic and unpredictable world.
Penal Protection of Waqf Real Estate Properties – A Study of Various Crimes
The waqf (endowment) is considered a means of drawing closer to God Almighty, and its manifestations have expanded to include endowment institutions that have witnessed significant development, which required the Algerian legislator to enact laws regulating the management of these endowment properties and ensuring their protection. This is stipulated in Article 52 of the 1996 constitutional amendment. The penal protection of endowment properties refers to confronting all acts of infringement that may affect them, whether by third parties or by natural causes, where the monitoring process has been entrusted to the endowment agent. This study aims to delve into the laws enacted by the legislator to protect endowment institutions and properties, and to draw attention to the need to strengthen penalties for perpetrators of crimes against endowments, by listing the various crimes committed against endowment properties, and to reach the necessity of allocating special laws for the protection of endowment real estate properties.
Gravitational Waves: Implications for Understanding the Universe's Origin
A new frontier in astrophysics and cosmology has been opened by gravitational waves, which are ripples in spacetime created by the acceleration of enormous objects. These waves, which were first detected in 2015 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), provide a new lens through which to study the cosmos and shed light on events that eluded electromagnetic detection up until then. The significance of gravitational waves in determining the universe's beginning and development. The most violent cosmic events, like neutron star and black hole mergers, supernova explosions, and the early universe's dynamics, are revealed by gravitational wave signatures. The study of these waves allows astronomers to learn more about the cosmic events that formed the universe as we know it, how galaxies and stars formed, and the properties of spacetime itself. As an added bonus, studying the primordial state of spacetime and matter may be possible with the discovery of gravitational waves, which could provide a glimpse into the universe's early stages. The impending detectors' roles, as well as the difficulties and possible future directions in gravitational wave astronomy, are also important considerations. This field may provide light on dark matter, quantum gravity, and the forces of nature in general. Gravitational waves, detected by this ground-breaking observational instrument, may completely revamp our view of the Big Bang, its development, and the fundamental principles that control it.
Enhancing the Process of Learning English through the Implementation of American Popular Songs: The Case of Louis Armstrong ‘ Song (What a Wonderful World!)
In all human cultures, english language is regarded to be as a determining factor in the achievement of positive social links with nations from different parts of the world ; both in scientific and commercial context or simply in cultural exchanges. From this perspective, the popular american song has proved to be an appropriate medium when used in teaching english and its culture ; because there is a correlation between language and culture. Louis Armstrong's song "What a wonderful world ?" is perceived as an accurate target thanks to its wide range of vocabulary, syntax, and above all due to its well-meaning words for its involvement in cultural interactions.
Exploring the Role of Immunohistochemistry in Diagnostic Pathology
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an indispensable tool in diagnostic pathology, providing valuable insights into the molecular characteristics of various diseases. This paper delves into the multifaceted role of IHC in diagnostic pathology, highlighting its applications, advantages, and challenges.IHC allows for the visualization of specific proteins within tissue specimens, enabling pathologists to characterize cellular phenotypes, identify aberrant protein expression patterns, and elucidate disease mechanisms. By targeting antigens associated with particular cell types, IHC aids in the differential diagnosis of tumors, inflammatory conditions, and infectious diseases, facilitating accurate classification and subtyping of pathological entities. Furthermore, IHC serves as a valuable adjunct to traditional histopathology, providing additional diagnostic information that complements morphological assessment. The ability to simultaneously assess multiple protein markers within a single tissue section enhances the diagnostic utility of IHC, enabling the detection of prognostic and predictive biomarkers relevant to patient management. In addition to its diagnostic applications, IHC plays a pivotal role in guiding therapeutic decision-making by identifying potential targets for molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies. By evaluating the expression of therapeutic targets, such as hormone receptors, growth factor receptors, and immune checkpoint proteins, IHC helps tailor treatment strategies to individual patients, optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. However, despite its numerous advantages, IHC poses certain challenges, including standardization of staining protocols, interpretation of staining patterns, and quality assurance. Variability in staining intensity, background noise, and inter-observer variability may impact the reliability and reproducibility of IHC results, necessitating stringent quality control measures and ongoing training for pathologists and laboratory staff.
Phenomenology: From Philosophy to Literary Criticism
This study traces the trajectory of phenomenology, a philosophical movement first systematized and established by Edmund Husserl, and later taken up by Martin Heidegger, who enriched and expanded it within an ontological horizon that links it directly to the question of Being. Phenomenology subsequently extended into the field of hermeneutics through the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer, who laid its interpretive foundations and broadened its scope. Under his guidance, phenomenology underwent a qualitative transformation, opening the way for the critical interrogation and understanding of the text within both historical and linguistic horizons. This intellectual context illuminates the movement of phenomenology from a primary concern with consciousness and intentionality to a sustained inquiry into Being itself, allowing for its critical application in literary discourse analysis. The study focuses particularly on concepts such as intentionality, time, and history, while also tracing the impact of these philosophical shifts on the development of modern critical approaches, notably hermeneutics and reception theory, and extending to their deconstructive elaborations in the work of Jacques Derrida. Within this framework, meaning emerges not as a fixed property of the text, but as the product of a dynamic and reciprocal interaction between text and reader.
Computational Chemistry in Drug Design and Molecular Modeling
Computational chemistry has become an indispensable tool in modern drug design and molecular modeling by enabling the rational development of new therapeutic agents. Advances in computational power and theoretical methods have allowed researchers to analyze molecular structures, predict physicochemical properties, and understand drug–target interactions at the atomic level. the role of computational chemistry in drug discovery, with emphasis on molecular modeling techniques such as molecular docking, quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR), molecular dynamics simulations, and virtual screening. These approaches help identify potential drug candidates, optimize lead compounds, and reduce the time, cost, and experimental effort involved in traditional drug development. The application of computational methods in predicting binding affinity, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity is also discussed. how computational chemistry enhances decision-making in drug design and supports the development of safer and more effective medicines through a predictive and systematic approach.
School-Based Trauma and Adverse Academic Experiences in Students with Learning Disabilities A Descriptive Literature Review
Background: Students with learning disabilities (LD) represent one of the largest and most vulnerable subgroups in special education. Emerging literature suggests that school environments themselves may serve as sources of psychological harm for these students through chronic academic failure, stigmatization, bullying victimization, and exclusionary practices. Despite growing interest in trauma-informed education, school-based trauma specifically affecting students with LD has received limited systematic attention. Objectives: This descriptive review maps and synthesizes available empirical and theoretical literature on school-based trauma and adverse academic experiences in K–12 students with LD, examining associations with psychological and educational outcomes including anxiety, depression, school belonging, academic self-concept, and dropout risk. Methods: A descriptive evidence mapping approach was employed. Databases searched included ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The search covered publications from January 1990 to December 2024, restricted to English-language sources. Eligibility criteria required studies to focus on school-age individuals with formally or functionally defined LD, to examine school-based adversity or trauma-related constructs, and to report psychological or educational outcomes. Screening counts were not formally computed given the descriptive methodology. Results: Reviewed literature indicates consistent associations between adverse academic experiences and elevated rates of anxiety, depression, negative academic self-concept, and school avoidance in students with LD. Bullying victimization emerged as a particularly robust exposure, with students with LD experiencing victimization at substantially higher rates than non-disabled peers. Repeated failure experiences and punitive feedback were associated with internalized stigma and academic helplessness. Protective factors identified across studies included teacher support, school belonging, peer acceptance, and inclusive classroom practices. The literature, however, remains predominantly cross-sectional and relies on internalizing symptom measures rather than validated trauma-specific instruments. Conclusions: School-based adversity constitutes a meaningful and structurally embedded source of psychological harm for students with LD. The field requires longitudinal research designs, deployment of validated trauma-specific measures, and rigorous evaluation of trauma-informed inclusive education models adapted specifically for LD populations.
Impact of Microplastics on Marine Invertebrates: A Toxicological Assessment
Worries about the ecological and toxicological effects of microplastics have grown in response to their alarming proliferation in marine environments, especially among the invertebrates that are essential to aquatic food webs. the effects of microplastics on several invertebrate species in the ocean, including mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms, and cnidarians, based on current scientific data and observations from the field. Filter feeders and deposit feeders are able to easily consume microplastics because of their tiny size and persistence, which causes bioaccumulation and trophic transmission. Physical obstructions, decreased feeding efficiency, and poor energy allocation are some of the negative effects they can have after consumed, which can have a knock-on effect on development, offspring, and survival rates. Exposure to microplastics can cause oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, disturbance of the endocrine system, and genotoxicity in organisms because they serve as vectors for harmful additives and adsorbed contaminants such persistent organic compounds and heavy metals. Vulnerability is mostly determined by species-specific feeding tactics and physiological features, according to comparative investigations. Zooplankton and bivalves are especially vulnerable. alterations in behavior, changes in enzyme activity, and inhibition of the immune system are examples of sublethal consequences that could jeopardize ecosystem functioning and population stability. This review highlights the critical need for standardized testing techniques, better monitoring of microplastic contamination, and the incorporation of ecotoxicological data into marine management plans by combining toxicological findings across taxa. The results add to the increasing amount of evidence that microplastics are more than just pollutants; they are new toxicological stressors that threaten marine biodiversity and the longevity of ocean ecosystems.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving the Performance of Local Communities and Enhancing Transparency in Algeria: Reality and Prospects
Local communities in Algeria embody the systems of administrative decentralization and deconcentration, in accordance with Article 18 of the 2020 constitutional amendment. Moreover, elected local councils, pursuant to Article 19 thereof, constitute the basis of decentralization and the space for citizens’ participation in the management of public affairs. In order to ensure their regular and continuous functioning, and to provide the best service to users, Algeria has sought to modernize them through the use of information technology, particularly by resorting to artificial intelligence tools, such as relying on algorithms and software in the fields of financial and administrative management, such as employees’ salaries, budget preparation, management of civil status services, biometric documents, vehicle registration, public procurement, and others. Thus, this research paper raises the following problem: To what extent can artificial intelligence contribute to improving the performance of local communities and enhancing transparency in Algeria? We attempted to answer this problem by adopting an analytical approach, based on three axes: the first relates to the role of artificial intelligence in improving the performance of local communities in Algeria, the second concerns the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing the transparency of local communities’ performance, and the third addresses the challenges and prospects of using artificial intelligence in managing and administering local communities in Algeria. In conclusion, we arrive at valuing certain achievements and proposing some recommendations to improve the quality of local communities’ performance in light of the endless development of artificial intelligence tools and the requirements of enhancing transparency.
Assessing the Potential of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Remote Areas: A Case Study Approach
Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are being investigated as a potential way to tackle the growing need for sustainable and environmentally friendly electricity in places that are not connected to the grid. When compared to systems that rely on a single renewable energy source, such as solar panels or wind turbines, these hybrid systems provide better economic feasibility, energy security, and reliability. the feasibility of using HRES to supply off-grid areas with renewable energy through an in-depth examination of a single case study. To determine the optimal mixes of renewable sources for particular outlying areas, the study considers a number of criteria, including as the ability to generate energy, the impact on the environment, the feasibility of the project financially, and the level of social acceptability. Further investigation into how smart grid systems and energy storage technologies can enhance HRES performance is also conducted. Results on the pros and cons of HRES implementation provide important information for communities, engineers, and politicians working to create long-term energy solutions for rural areas.
Legal Controls on The Use of Ionizing Radiation Technology in The Health Sector and Human Security Requirements
Radiation materials and sources used for medical purposes have caused harm to health professionals due to frequent exposure to ionizing radiation. Faced with these threats, it was necessary for the Algerian legislator to ensure prevention and security for this category of workers against the dangers of exposure to these radiations, as a right, through the establishment of laws and regulations that guarantee this. Therefore, through this research paper, we attempted to assess the effectiveness of these legal texts in providing the greatest possible level of prevention and health security for health professionals against the dangers of exposure to ionizing radiation. However, the Algerian legislator encountered difficulty in dealing with these risks, reflected in the multiplicity of legal texts on the one hand; the lack of a clear definition of the health professionals concerned by this protection on the other hand; and the difficulty in defining the concept of occupational diseases on the third hand, in addition to the lack of practical compliance with legal provisions.
The Violent Student and His Social Exclusion within the School Environment
This study aims to shed light on the violent student and the extent of his social exclusion by the surrounding school environment, due to his violent behaviors that constitute an obstacle in his interaction with the school group as a whole, whether they are administrators, the school principal, classmates, or teachers themselves. Hence, forms of social exclusion appear in the school environment and are largely practiced against this category of violent students. This will be clarified in this study, which was conducted in an educational institution, namely Mohammed El-Zein Ben El-Madani Middle School in Alia El-Charkia, Biskra Province – Algeria – on a sample of violent students whose number reached 45 violent students within this institution suffering from school social exclusion. A structured interview was conducted with these students, and based on the descriptive method and statistical processing techniques, including the use of the coefficient of concordance to control the accuracy of the obtained results, in answering the problem raised: What are the most prominent manifestations of social exclusion practiced against the violent student within the school environment?
Audit Committee Effectiveness and Firm Financial Performance
The audit committee plays a central role in corporate governance by overseeing financial reporting, internal controls, and the external audit process. Its effectiveness is widely regarded as a key determinant of financial transparency and organizational accountability. This study examines the relationship between audit committee effectiveness and firm financial performance, focusing on structural characteristics such as independence, financial expertise, size, and meeting frequency. how an active and competent audit committee enhances the quality of financial reporting, reduces earnings management, and strengthens internal control systems. By improving monitoring mechanisms and promoting transparent disclosure practices, effective audit committees can increase investor confidence and reduce agency costs. These governance improvements may translate into better financial performance through enhanced operational efficiency, lower cost of capital, and improved market valuation.
The Crime of Human Trafficking in Certain Specialized International Agreements (The 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery and the Slave Trade, and the 2000 Protocol to Prevent and Punish Trafficking in Persons as a Model)
Human trafficking is one of the oldest crimes known to humanity throughout history. It constitutes a blatant infringement and a serious violation of human rights, especially as it has come to be practiced in more than one country. Given its increasing gravity and the awareness of the international community of the necessity to combat it, international efforts have intensified to confront it through various international instruments. The 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, as well as the 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, are among the most important specialized international agreements aimed at addressing this crime. This is what we will attempt to highlight through this study by reviewing the content of the two conventions with regard to this serious crime, in terms of its concept and legal structure, and by highlighting the rules of criminalization and punishment contained therein.
Manifestations of the Loving Self in Modern Poetic Production (“The Moon’s Lover” by Abdelmajid Farghali as a Model)
Abdel Majid Farghali is deemed one of the contemporary poets who concerned himself with the representation of the Arab woman in her different manifestations (the beloved, the friend, the mother), in a representation charged with a spirit of patriotism and an imagery of nature - and so it is a helpful distinguishing feature of his poetry reflecting his selfhood, sometimes enamored with love, other times longing for the past. Hence, Abdel Majid Farghali is also among the poets who prominently celebrated women and placed significant representation of women in their poetry. Accordingly, this research paper aims to convey the different representations of women in Abdel Majid Farghali’s poetry collection Lover of the Moon, and clarify the movements of the poet's emotional states in his representations of women, which emerge from the poet's manifestation of his self.
The Evolution of Narrative Techniques in Cinema: A Comparative Analysis of Classical and Contemporary Storytelling
How cinematic narrative strategies have developed through time by comparing and contrasting traditional and modern methods of storytelling. The article delves at the ways in which new storytelling techniques and advancements in cinematic technology have transformed conventional narrative structures including linear plots, character-driven arcs, and certain endings. Theatrical traditions informed classical cinema's reliance on tried-and-true clichés and its uncomplicated, linear narrative approach. current film, on the other hand, reflects the complexity of current life and culture through its use of experimental techniques, unreliable narrators, non-linear storytelling, and fragmented storylines. the effect that developments in technology like digital filmmaking, nonlinear editing, and the proliferation of streaming platforms have had on the development of storytelling methods. It delves further into the ways in which filmmakers use perspective, time, and space to entice viewers with richer, more complex experiences. classics from both eras, the evolution of cinematic vocabulary, and the growing prominence of subjective, disjointed, and open-ended stories. This comparison not only shows how filmmaking is evolving, but it also mirrors larger social and cultural changes in how we view stories and the media we consume.
Cultural Heritage in the Sidi El Houari District from the Islamic Conquest to the Ottoman Period – A Historical and Urban Study
This study examines the history of the Sidi El Houari district and its historical architectural heritage from the Islamic conquest up to the Ottoman period. The district served as a stage for numerous significant historical events, and the urban remains that still exist today stand as clear evidence of this past. During the colonial era, one of its main streets was also named “Louis-Philippe.” This neighborhood contains a large proportion of the city’s cultural heritage, including landmarks such as the Mausoleum of Sidi El Houari, the Fort of Casa Rosa, and the Bey’s Palace, among others. This richness is largely due to its important strategic location. Through this paper, I will attempt to explore the historical and urban development of this ancient popular district, drawing on both historical sources and personal field observation, as I visited the site and documented its monuments through photographs.
A Comparative Analysis of Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Techniques for Large-Scale Data Prediction
The rapid growth of large-scale data across domains such as healthcare, finance, social media, and e-commerce has intensified the need for efficient and accurate predictive models. Machine Learning (ML) techniques, broadly categorized into supervised and unsupervised learning, play a central role in extracting meaningful patterns from massive datasets. This paper presents a comparative analysis of supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques for large-scale data prediction. It examines their theoretical foundations, commonly used algorithms, performance characteristics, scalability, and practical limitations. The study highlights key differences in predictive accuracy, interpretability, computational complexity, and applicability across real-world scenarios. The findings suggest that while supervised learning often delivers higher predictive precision when labeled data are available, unsupervised learning remains indispensable for pattern discovery, feature extraction, and data exploration in large-scale environments.
The School Teaching Process: Between Method and Representations
This article explains the unconscious psychic dimension of teaching sessions through the psychoanalytic approach, demonstrating how fantasies and representations of drives interact within learning situations and influence the pedagogical relationship. It also emphasizes the importance of imaginary scenarios in guiding choices, content, expectations, teaching strategies, and student behaviors.
Impact of Financial Technology (FinTech) on Traditional Banking Systems
The rapid advancement of Financial Technology (FinTech) has significantly transformed the global financial landscape, challenging the traditional banking model and reshaping the delivery of financial services. This study examines the impact of FinTech innovations on conventional banking systems, focusing on how digital platforms, mobile banking, peer-to-peer lending, blockchain technology, and artificial intelligence are redefining efficiency, accessibility, and customer experience. a qualitative and analytical approach, drawing on secondary data from industry reports, academic literature, and case studies to evaluate the extent of disruption caused by FinTech. The findings indicate that FinTech has enhanced operational efficiency, reduced transaction costs, and improved financial inclusion by providing faster and more user-friendly services. At the same time, it has intensified competition for traditional banks, compelling them to innovate, digitize operations, and adopt customer-centric models. key challenges associated with FinTech adoption, including regulatory uncertainties, cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, and the potential for financial instability. Traditional banks face the dual pressure of maintaining legacy systems while integrating advanced technologies, which often requires substantial investment and organizational restructuring.
Pathways of Psychosomatic Diagnosis: A Psychoanalytic Elaboration of Failures of Symbolization and the Destinies of Bodily Symptoms.
The diagnosis of psychosomatic disorders places clinicians before a fundamental epistemological tension: the tension between the medical drive toward somatic objectification and the subjective, dynamic economy of the psyche. This article offers a distinctly psychoanalytic framework for psychosomatic diagnosis, foregrounding failures of symbolization, désaffectation, and disturbances in mentalization. Drawing upon the seminal contributions of Freud, Alexander, Marty, McDougall, Green, Smadja, Winnicott, and Bion, it argues that psychosomatic bodily symptoms cannot be adequately grasped either as straightforward organic causality or as classical hysterical conversion. Instead, they emerge at the point where psychic linkage collapses and what psychoanalysis has termed “the work of the negative” takes over. Psychosomatic diagnosis is therefore reconceptualized not as a static classificatory act but as a living, elaborative clinical process that unfolds within the transference and the unique temporality of the therapeutic relationship. A detailed clinical vignette illustrates this process, while recent advances in mentalization-based treatment and neuropsychoanalytic research are critically examined and integrated.
From the Authority of the Text to the Authority of the Reader: Deconstructing Narrative Structure in Interactive Literature Shadows of the One by Mohammed Sanajleh as a Model
This study aims to explore the transformations of contemporary narrative in light of the emergence of interactive literature by examining its concept, characteristics, and its relationship with digital developments that have reshaped the nature of the literary text and the function of the reader. It also seeks to analyze the shift in the centrality of meaning from the author to the reader in light of modern critical theories, highlighting its impact on the construction of new narrative texts. The study adopts the novel “Shadows of the One” as an applied model to reveal the features of these transformations, analyzing its narrative structure in terms of the fragmentation of temporal linearity, the multiplicity of voices, and the prominence of symbolism; particularly the symbol of the “shadow” as a signifier of the division of the self. The study also relies on two main critical approaches: a semiotic approach aimed at uncovering the semantic structures and organizing binaries of the text, and a deconstructive approach that seeks to highlight the destabilization of meaning and its openness to multiple interpretations. Thus, the study aspires to provide a critical reading that demonstrates the interaction of contemporary narrative with digital and theoretical transformations and reveals the dynamic nature of the literary text as an open space for meaning production.
Blockchain Technology and Its Applications in Secure Transactions
Blockchain technology has emerged as a revolutionary innovation in the field of digital transactions, offering enhanced security, transparency, and decentralization. It is a distributed ledger system that records transactions across multiple nodes, ensuring that data cannot be altered without consensus. the fundamental concepts of blockchain technology and explores its applications in secure transactions across various sectors such as finance, supply chain management, healthcare, and digital identity systems. how blockchain enhances transaction security through cryptographic techniques, immutability, and decentralized validation, reducing the risks of fraud, data tampering, and unauthorized access. It also discusses the role of smart contracts in automating and securing agreements without the need for intermediaries. Furthermore, the study addresses challenges such as scalability, regulatory issues, high energy consumption, and lack of standardization. blockchain technology has the potential to transform secure transaction systems by increasing trust, efficiency, and accountability. However, its widespread adoption depends on overcoming technical and regulatory challenges.
The Art of Theatrical Direction and the Aesthetics of Stage Performance The play "Autumn" as à Case Study
This research examines the transformations in a theater actor’s artistic performance according to the director’s specifications in shaping the characters that embody the artistic work in its internal and external temporal and spatial dimensions. It also examines the actor’s ability to convey the concepts and meanings of the theatrical performance and the artistic outcomes of this performance, as conceived by the director, in his handling of the tools of the creative process—from the text and the actor to the audience— so that the creative process is completed through the analysis and interpretation of this audiovisual discourse, which is embodied through the actor’s movements. This study aims to highlight the aesthetics of directing and their impact on the actor’s performance, to identify the elements of theatrical directing related to acting, and to examine their application on stage without neglecting the influence of other scenographic elements on the actor’s performance. In addition, the study provides a detailed explanation and analysis of the aesthetics of the performance, including theatrical acting on stage. Accordingly, this research consists of two chapters : the first chapter contains two sections, and the second chapter comprises an applied study, followed by a conclusion and, finally, a list of sources and references.
Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart City Development
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key enabler in the development of smart cities by connecting physical devices, infrastructure, and services through the internet. the role of IoT in transforming urban environments into more efficient, sustainable, and livable spaces. IoT technologies facilitate real-time data collection and analysis, enabling better management of resources such as energy, transportation, water, and waste. various applications of IoT in smart city development, including intelligent traffic management, smart grids, environmental monitoring, public safety systems, and smart healthcare services. These applications improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance the quality of life for citizens. However, the adoption of IoT in smart cities also presents challenges such as data privacy concerns, cybersecurity risks, high implementation costs, and the need for robust infrastructure. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating secure systems, effective governance, and sustainable planning to overcome these challenges. IoT plays a crucial role in enabling smart city development by promoting innovation, improving urban services, and supporting sustainable growth. Its successful implementation depends on addressing technical, economic, and security-related issues.
Linguistic Insecurity in Academic Communication: The Case of First-Year French Students at the University of Constantine (Algeria)
This article proposes a theoretically grounded framework for analysing linguistic insecurity in academic communication among first-year students enrolled in French-medium programmes at the University of Constantine, Algeria. Drawing on sociolinguistic scholarship on linguistic insecurity, linguistic markets, and postcolonial multilingualism, the study examines how the transition from Arabic-medium secondary education to French-medium university instruction shapes students’ perceptions of linguistic legitimacy. Through conceptual synthesis of research on Algeria’s language policy, educational structures, and language ideologies, the article identifies key dimensions of linguistic insecurity affecting oral and written academic practices. It highlights how regional origin, schooling trajectories, and family cultural capital mediate access to valued linguistic resources within the university as a stratified linguistic market. By integrating structural, ideological, and interactional perspectives, the study advances a multi-level model of linguistic insecurity in postcolonial higher education and outlines directions for future empirical investigation.
Importance of Sustainable Architecture of modern building design
Sustainable architecture has become an essential approach in modern design due to increasing environmental challenges and resource limitations. It focuses on creating buildings that minimize negative impacts on the environment while promoting energy efficiency, resource conservation, and occupant well-being. This paper examines the importance of sustainable architecture in addressing issues such as climate change, pollution, and depletion of natural resources. It highlights key strategies including the use of eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient systems, and climate-responsive design. The study emphasizes that sustainable architecture not only protects the environment but also improves quality of life and ensures long-term economic and social benefits.
Manifestations of Educational Values in Algerian Oral Folk Proverbs
Folk proverbs are one of the forms of Algerian popular literary expression. They are simple literary material transmitted orally among members of the popular community, and they carry an inexhaustible cultural and educational reservoir. They play a prominent and effective role in framing the behaviour of individuals and guiding them towards commitment to educational values in an indirect way. This allows these values to settle in their subconscious and to appear spontaneously and naturally in their daily behaviour towards others. At the oral level, Algerian popular society is rich in this guiding material, which condenses useful ethical and educational values. From this perspective, this article seeks to shed light on some of these oral folk proverbs current in the Algerian popular milieu and to show their role in guiding individual behaviour through purposeful educational values, with the aim of raising awareness, shaping character, and benefiting from the experiences of earlier people, since proverbs are a store of experience. The questions, then, are: What are these educational values? How have they appeared in Algerian folk proverbs? And to what extent do they remain valid in our contemporary life, which is undergoing remarkable and seemingly limitless development?
Role of Host Susceptibility and Immunity in the Development of Infectious Diseases
The development and outcome of infectious diseases are not determined solely by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms but are strongly influenced by host susceptibility and immune competence. Individuals exposed to the same infectious agent often exhibit wide variations in disease occurrence, severity, and recovery, highlighting the critical role of host-related factors. Genetic background, age, nutritional status, immune system integrity, and environmental influences collectively shape an individual’s susceptibility to infection. the role of host susceptibility and immunity in the initiation and progression of infectious diseases from a life science perspective. Emphasis is placed on the interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses and their ability to recognize, control, and eliminate pathogens. Variations in immune regulation, including impaired defense mechanisms or excessive inflammatory responses, are discussed as key contributors to disease development and complications. Understanding host susceptibility provides important insights into why certain populations are more vulnerable to infectious diseases and how immune-based preventive strategies can be optimized. The relevance of immunological research in developing targeted interventions, vaccines, and public health measures aimed at strengthening host immunity and reducing the overall burden of infectious diseases.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on the Development of Users’ Metacognitive Skills: A Meta-Analysis of Previous Studies
This study, entitled “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on the Development of Users’ Metacognitive Skills: A Meta-Analysis of Previous Studies,” aimed to estimate the overall effect size of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in developing metacognitive skills. It also sought to examine the degree of homogeneity among the results of previous studies and to diagnose the possibility of publication bias and its impact on the reliability of the findings. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach using the meta-analysis method. The study population consisted of 60 studies identified through multiple scientific databases, while the analytical sample was limited to 10 Arab and international studies selected through simple random sampling according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. To answer the study questions, effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d and corrected using Hedges’ g to avoid small-sample bias. Data were statistically processed using SPSS and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Homogeneity tests (Q and I²) were applied, and the appropriate statistical model was selected. In addition, publication bias was diagnosed using funnel plots, Egger’s test, and the Trim and Fill method. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant positive effect of AI applications on the development of students’ metacognitive skills, with some variation among studies. However, publication bias correction procedures demonstrated the stability of the overall results, thereby enhancing the reliability of the conclusions reached.
Representation of Gender in 21st Century Mainstream Films
The representation of gender in 21st century mainstream films reflects ongoing social transformations as well as persistent inequalities embedded within popular culture. Contemporary cinema increasingly presents strong female protagonists, complex male identities, and broader acknowledgment of diverse gender expressions. At the same time, traditional stereotypes, objectification, and unequal screen time continue to shape character portrayals and narrative structures. the tension between progressive cultural discourse and commercial imperatives within global film industries. Mainstream productions from major studios such as Walt Disney Studios and Warner Bros. have introduced female-led franchises and narratives centered on empowerment, leadership, and independence. However, critical analysis suggests that representation often remains framed within market-friendly tropes, where empowerment is visually stylized and aligned with conventional beauty standards. Similarly, portrayals of masculinity have evolved to include emotional vulnerability and moral complexity, yet dominant heroic archetypes persist.
Adopted leadership mechanisms for influencing employee social behavior in the organization
A leader's influence on the social behaviour of employees within an organization is a fundamental pillar for achieving organizational harmony and enhancing collective performance. Leaders rely on a set of leadership and organizational mechanisms to guide individual behaviour in accordance with the organization's goals and values. Furthermore, a leader's influence on employees' social behaviour is not based solely on formal authority, but primarily on a combination of effective communication, motivation, humility, positive role modelling, participation, and organizational structure. These integrated mechanisms contribute to building a positive work environment based on cooperation, belonging, and the efficient achievement of organizational goals.
Globalization and the Rise of Transnational Cinema
Globalization has profoundly reshaped contemporary cinema, giving rise to transnational modes of production, distribution, and storytelling. As economic, technological, and cultural exchanges intensify across borders, film industries increasingly operate beyond strictly national frameworks. Co-productions, international financing, cross-border casting, and global distribution networks have blurred traditional distinctions between “national” cinemas, creating hybrid cinematic forms that reflect multiple cultural influences. Major studios and streaming platforms such as Netflix actively invest in content produced across Asia, Europe, Africa, and Latin America, distributing it to global audiences with subtitles and dubbing options. This circulation fosters cross-cultural dialogue and expands market reach, allowing regional narratives to achieve international visibility. At the same time, global box office strategies encourage films to incorporate themes, genres, and visual styles that resonate across diverse audiences.
Family Loyalty Conflict in an Adolescent (A systematic Clinical case Study of a Dysfunctional Family)
This study aimed to investigate the impact of a disturbed interaction pattern—namely, family loyalty conflict—in adolescents and the emergence of mal-adaptive behaviors. Using a clinical approach that focuses on an in-depth study of the individual case, and employing a range of tools including; clinical interviews, clinical observation, family mapping, and a family Apperception test, the study focused on an adolescent living in a dysfunctional family and suffering from behavioral disorders. The findings revealed that: • The adolescent experiences a clear loyalty conflict, sometimes towards the mother and sometimes towards the father. This conflict manifests as a persistent feeling of guilt and emotional confusion when siding with one parent over the other. • The family loyalty conflict is reflected in the adolescent's behavior, manifesting as disturbed behaviors such as lying, stealing, and aggression.
Digital Culture: Social Media and Changing Human Behavior
Digital culture, shaped significantly by the rise of social media platforms, has transformed patterns of human behavior, communication, and social interaction. Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter (now X) have redefined how individuals construct identity, form relationships, and access information. This paper examines the impact of social media on human behavior, focusing on changes in attention span, social validation, communication styles, and psychological well-being. It also explores both the positive aspects, such as global connectivity and knowledge sharing, and the negative consequences, including digital addiction, misinformation, and reduced face-to-face interaction. The study highlights how digital culture continues to evolve and shape modern society, raising important questions about ethics, privacy, and the future of human interaction.
Exploring the Impact of AI Chatbots on Academic Writing Accuracy in First-Year EFL Students: Case Study at ENS Ouargla
This study investigates the impact of AI-powered chatbots on academic writing accuracy among first-year English language students at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Ouargla, Algeria. In response to the increasing presence of artificial intelligence in educational settings, the research explores how AI tools can support novice EFL writers in improving the quality of their written production. Using a quasi-experimental design, a total of 50 students were purposefully selected and divided into two groups: a control group that received traditional teacher feedback and an experimental group that used an AI chatbot as a supplementary writing aid throughout the drafting and revision stages. The study measured four key dimensions of writing accuracy including grammatical accuracy, lexical appropriateness, coherence and cohesion, and mechanical correctness (including spelling and punctuation). Quantitative analysis of pre-test and post-test writing tasks revealed that students in the AI-assisted group outperformed those in the control group across all dimensions, with particularly noticeable gains in grammatical accuracy and coherence. Qualitative observations further indicated that students using the chatbot demonstrated greater autonomy, engaged more actively in self-correction, and produced more polished drafts. The findings underscore the potential of AI-based tools to enhance writing instruction in Algerian higher education, especially in contexts where large class sizes and limited instructional time challenge individualized feedback. The study also highlights important pedagogical implications, suggesting that AI chatbots can be integrated as supportive scaffolding rather than replacements for teacher guidance. Overall, this research contributes to ongoing discussions in applied linguistics regarding technology-enhanced language learning and offers practical insights for EFL practitioners seeking to enrich writing pedagogy.
Overlap of jurisdiction between the newly established criminal courts in Algerian law
The distinctive nature of the investigating judge’s role within the judicial system is highlighted, as he is a judge who combines functional independence with membership of a specialised judicial structure, in line with the approach dictated by modern and complex criminal developments. Conversely, the investigating judge’s exercise of his discretionary powers in this regard is limited by a set of constraints, including the nature ofspecific and local jurisdiction and the practical issues this raises as a result of the overlap between criminal jurisdictions, despite the legal framework established in both the Algerian and Tunisian systems, and the issue of specialisation in this field.
Reconciling Banking Secrecy and Anti–Money Laundering Obligations: A Legal Analysis of Algerian Banking Law
This study investigates the legal obligations associated with banking secrecy and the challenges it encounters in the context of anti-money laundering efforts. It underscores the pivotal role of banks in identifying suspicious financial activities because of their integral position within the financial system. The research analyzes the conceptual framework of banking secrecy and its legislative underpinnings within Algerian law. Furthermore, it examines the legal exceptions that permit the lifting of banking secrecy for judicial, supervisory, and anti-money laundering (AML) purposes. The study emphasizes the necessity of balancing client confidentiality, public interest, and financial security. Finally, it proposes strengthening the legal framework to ensure effectiveness without compromising the trustworthiness of the banking system..
"The Impact of Physical Education Curriculum Variability on Student Engagement and Performance"
Physical education (PE) curricula vary widely across educational institutions, leading to differences in student experiences and outcomes. This research explores the impact of such variability on student engagement and performance within the context of PE. A mixed-methods approach involving surveys, interviews, and observational data collection was employed to gather insights from students, teachers, and administrators across multiple schools. Findings indicate that the consistency and alignment of PE curricula with established educational standards significantly influence student engagement levels and academic performance. Furthermore, the integration of diverse teaching methodologies and activities tailored to individual student needs emerged as key factors in promoting sustained interest and achievement in PE. This study underscores the importance of curriculum coherence and instructional strategies in optimizing the educational benefits of physical education programs. Recommendations for curriculum development and pedagogical practices are provided to enhance student engagement and performance in PE settings.
"Addressing Gender Disparities in Physical Education: Strategies for Inclusive Programming"
Gender disparities in physical education (PE) are pervasive and often perpetuated by traditional norms, stereotypes, and institutional barriers. This paper explores strategies for addressing gender disparities in PE and promoting inclusive programming that meets the diverse needs and interests of all students. Drawing upon a review of existing literature and empirical studies, the paper examines key factors contributing to gender inequities in PE, including curriculum content, teaching practices, assessment methods, and social dynamics. It highlights the importance of challenging gender stereotypes, promoting gender equity, and creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment where all students feel valued and empowered to participate. The paper also identifies promising practices and innovative approaches for addressing gender disparities in PE, such as gender-neutral curriculum, inclusive teaching strategies, and opportunities for student voice and leadership. Recommendations for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders are provided to support the implementation of gender-inclusive programming in PE and promote equity and social justice in physical education settings. Overall, this paper underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing gender disparities in PE to ensure that all students have equal access to quality physical education and opportunities for lifelong participation in physical activity.
Women of Algiers in their Apartment by Eugène Delacroix and the Shaping of the Contemporary Algerian Novelistic Text:
Women of Algiers in Their Apartment, by the French painter Eugene Delacroix, is one such art reference that has led to the composition of two books, namely Prisoner of the Sun by Algerian novelist Hamid Abdelkader and Line of Sand by Algerian novelist Hajer Kouidri. Analyzing the concept of Orientalism in the postcolonial feminist framework, both of these books examine the stereotypical formation of the Algerian identity. They embark on a project of rectification that starts with giving back to history the long-denied voice. This self-narrative, based on other forms of representations, defiance, and cultural activities that it veils, speaks volumes about the narrator's point of view. It is here that the current study aims at looking into this issue.
A Practical Proposal for Human Resource Impression Management: Toward Enhancing Job Enrichment in Organizations
This study proposes a practical approach to impression management, treating it as a strategic lever for strengthening job enrichment in organizations, with particular attention to the Algerian context. It examines how impression management and job enrichment intersect, and clarifies how this linkage can support stronger human resource performance while also improving job satisfaction. At the same time, the study considers the organizational and cultural constraints that often complicate the application of these concepts in practice. To address these obstacles, it advances concrete measures that include restructuring tasks and adopting digital strategies designed to improve the work environment. The results suggest that better impression management can reinforce organizational interaction, curb routinization, and stimulate innovation. In addition, the study offers an applied framework intended to help build a dynamic workplace that supports organizational objectives.
The Role of Intelligent Digital Tools in Supporting Academic Studies: A Field Study on Students of Humanities and Social Sciences at Blida 2 University
This study focuses on analyzing the role of smart digital tools in enhancing the educational process among students of humanities and social sciences, particularly by facilitating access to information and accelerating the completion of academic research. It also highlights the extent to which students use these tools. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, and a simple random sample was selected. In addition, a questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. The study found that heavy reliance on smart digital tools leads to a decline in researchers’ analytical and academic writing skills
Artificial Intelligence and the Future Horizons for Innovation in Education
This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in reshaping the educational system by fostering pedagogical innovation and advancing instructional practices. The research highlights how AI applications—such as personalized learning, intelligent assessment, and educational robotics—have contributed to enhancing learning quality, supporting students with special needs, and ensuring the continuity of distance education. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges hindering the integration of these technologies within the Algerian and Arab contexts, including infrastructure deficits, lack of specialized training, ethical concerns, and the linguistic gap. The study concludes that the success of smart education is contingent upon adopting balanced national strategies that consider cultural and human specificities. This ensures that AI serves as a lever for innovation and a catalyst for a more equitable and inclusive educational future.
Article Title: Digital Addiction and Its Repercussions on the Mental Health of University Students
This study aimed to analyze the phenomenon of digital addiction in its various forms, including addiction to social media, electronic games, visual content through digital platforms such as Netflix, in addition to addiction to browsing and excessive acquisition of information. The study focused on reviewing the most prominent recent global and Arab statistics to estimate the extent of the spread of these phenomena among youth and university students, and analyzing the psychological, social, and technological factors contributing to them. The findings derived from systematic reviews and international studies showed that the prevalence rates of digital addiction range between 5% and 45% depending on the type and geographical region, with relatively high rates among young age groups. Studies also demonstrated that digital addiction is closely associated with anxiety disorders, depression, weak social relationships, and lack of sleep. The study concluded with the necessity of developing standardized Arabic measurement tools to study the phenomenon more accurately, and launching awareness and educational programs aimed at promoting healthy and balanced use of technology, in addition to encouraging multidisciplinary research to understand the causative factors and propose effective therapeutic strategies.
Arabic Language: A Legacy of Beauty and Creativity
Arabic is one of the oldest languages in the world, characterized by its authenticity and beauty. It is distinguished by its richness and unique abundance. It is the language of the Holy Qur’an, which was revealed 1400 years ago. Classical Arabic is used in literature and poetry, which increases its beauty and its ability to express feelings and ideas in a creative way. Therefore, the Arabic language has remained, and still remains, a vessel of culture and history, carrying within it a rich literary heritage extending over centuries. It also plays a vital role in ensuring the cultural identity of Arabs. Despite the challenges it faces, such as globalization and the use of foreign languages, Classical Arabic remains the main reference for communication among its speakers, and it is used in education at all levels, as well as being the language of media and communication. This has made it more stable and more prestigious in the face of current challenges.
Quality of Life: Conceptual Framework, Theoretical Approaches, Dimensions, Indicators, Determinants, and Obstacles
Quality of life is considered one of the most widely used contemporary concepts in human and social sciences, particularly in psychology and health studies. Despite its extensive use, defining it precisely remains complex due to its recent scientific emergence and its multidisciplinary nature. It encompasses individuals’ evaluations of their daily lives in relation to cultural, social, and value systems, as well as their personal goals and expectations. This study aims to present a comprehensive overview of the concept of quality of life by addressing its definition, theoretical approaches, dimensions, indicators, components, and the main obstacles that affect it. Understanding these aspects contributes to a clearer perception of how individuals assess their well-being and life satisfaction across different domains such as health, work, and social relations.
Recreational Programs as an Approach to Sports Training Planning for Physical Trainers in Football
The importance of this study lies in highlighting recreational programs and their impact on training planning among physical trainers, as it aims to emphasize the role of recreational programs in sports training, as well as to identify one of the training planning methods used by physical trainers. The general hypothesis states the following: Recreational programs are considered one of the training planning methods among trainers. The researchers used the descriptive method in the form of a survey study, and the sample was selected using a purposive (intentional) method, comprising 86% of the original population in the third age group (25 physical trainers). The researchers relied on a questionnaire as the study tool, supplemented by interviews. The study results indicated that recreational programs are considered one of the training planning methods for physical trainers.
Alienation and the Labyrinth of the Self in “Mokachafat fi Machhad Almawt” by Othman Loucif
Alienation is one of the most important phenomena employed in modernist poetry, as it reflects the contradictions, failure, and sense of loss witnessed by contemporary human beings, imposed by lived reality and society. This drives the poet to retreat into the self, embracing psychological and spiritual estrangement and creating different worlds that transcend reality, history, time, and space. The poetic text “Mokachafat fi Mashhad Almawt” by Othman Loucif represents a model of contemporary modernist texts that express alienation, the labyrinth of the self, its loss, fragmentation, and dispersion.
The Pen in the Holy Qur’an: A Study of Its Terminology and Function -A Study of Its Terminology and Function
This study aims to clarify the meaning of the term ‘the pen’ as mentioned in the Qur’an, and whether it refers to the pen commonly used by people. It also examines the role of the pen in learning and teaching, acquisition and change, and innovation and continuity, compared with its modern technical substitutes. The study also emphasises the importance of using this instrument, especially during the training and development stage, to prevent potential harm to learners and others, in line with contemporary scientific research.
The Legal System of the Supreme Judicial Council in Algeria in Light of the New Judiciary Law: A Comparative Study with the French System
This academic article examines the legal system of the Supreme Judicial Council (Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature) in Algeria in light of the profound reforms introduced by the 2020 Constitutional Amendment and the new organic laws of 2022 (Organic Law 22-11 relating to the Supreme Judicial Council and Organic Law 22-12 containing the Basic Law of the Judiciary). The study aims to analyze the new composition of the Council, its powers, and guarantees of its independence, while conducting a comparative analysis with its French counterpart. The article highlights the radical transformation in the presidency of the Council in Algeria, where the President of the Republic now presides over it with the possibility of representation by the First President of the Supreme Court, and the expansion of its composition to include elected judges and personalities from outside the judicial system. The study also discusses the strengthening of the Council's powers in the fields of appointment, promotion, and disciplinary action, and compares this with the structural duality of the French Council (the composition of judges and the composition of prosecutors). The study concludes that the Algerian reforms represent an important step towards establishing the independence of the judicial authority, despite the persistence of some practical challenges that require genuine implementation of the legal provisions.
Argumentation in Linguistic Thought: Reconfiguring the Modern and Contemporary Arabic Scholarly Paradigm
Recent developments in linguistic inquiry have ushered in profound methodological and epistemological reconfigurations, prompting a critical reassessment of several foundational concepts. Within this evolving landscape, argumentation has emerged as a central analytical category, no longer confined to its classical rhetorical framing, but reconceptualized as an intrinsically pragmatic-linguistic mechanism that governs the organization of discourse and the orientation of interpretive processes. From this perspective, argumentation operates not merely as a persuasive technique, but as a constitutive dimension of meaning construction, embedded in the inferential architecture of language and discourse. In contemporary pragmatic theory, argumentation is understood as a system of discursive operations, involving argumentative operators, connectives, and orientation markers that structure the progression of utterances and guide the addressee toward specific interpretive and evaluative outcomes. In this sense, it constitutes a shared theoretical terrain between Arabic and Western linguistic traditions, particularly in relation to discourse analysis, communicative intentionality, and the dynamics of persuasion. This paper seeks to examine the manifestations of argumentation within modern and contemporary Arabic linguistic thought, with a view to mapping the conceptual frameworks developed by Arab scholars and assessing the ways in which argumentative processes are theorized and operationalized within Arabic discourse. Methodologically, the study adopts a critical-analytical approach, grounded in a close reading of key Arabic contributions, while engaging with influential Western models—most notably those associated with Perelman’s rhetorical argumentation and Ducrot’s theory of argumentation in language—in order to trace patterns of appropriation, transformation, and conceptual negotiation. The analysis is guided by a set of interrelated questions: How is argumentation conceptualized within Arabic linguistic scholarship? What are the principal argumentative mechanisms—linguistic, rhetorical, and structural—mobilized in discourse analysis? To what extent has Arabic linguistic thought internalized, reworked, or resisted dominant Western paradigms of argumentation? And crucially, has it succeeded in articulating an epistemologically autonomous framework, or does it remain largely inscribed within the horizon of Western theoretical models? The study argues that argumentation, in its pragmatic articulation, constitutes a pivotal dimension of contemporary Arabic linguistic thought, marking a shift from ornamental rhetoric toward a functionally grounded, discourse-oriented paradigm in which meaning, persuasion, and interpretation are dynamically intertwined.
This academic article examines the legal system of the Supreme Judicial Council (Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature) in Algeria in light of the profound reforms introduced by the 2020 Constitutional Amendment and the new organic laws of 2022 (Organic Law 22-11 relating to the Supreme Judicial Council and Organic Law 22-12 containing the Basic Law of the Judiciary). The study aims to analyze the new composition of the Council, its powers, and guarantees of its independence, while conducting a comparative analysis with its French counterpart. The article highlights the radical transformation in the presidency of the Council in Algeria, where the President of the Rep .``````````````````````ublic now presides over it with the possibility of representation by the First President of the Supreme Court, and the expansion of its composition to include elected judges and personalities from outside the judicial system. The study also discusses the strengthening of the Council's powers in the fields of appointment, promotion, and disciplinary action, and compares this with the structural duality of the French Council (the composition of judges and the composition of prosecutors). The study concludes that the Algerian reforms represent an important step towards establishing the independence of the judicial authority, despite the persistence of some practical challenges that require genuine implementation of the legal provisions.
Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability
Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant threats to global biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, ocean acidification, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are profoundly affecting species distribution, population dynamics, and ecological interactions. These environmental changes disrupt the delicate balance within ecosystems, leading to habitat loss, species migration, and, in severe cases, extinction. the multifaceted impacts of climate change on biodiversity across terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems. It highlights how shifts in temperature and climate conditions influence species survival, reproductive cycles, and food web dynamics. Vulnerable species, particularly those with limited adaptive capacity or restricted habitats, are at a higher risk of decline. Additionally, changes in ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling and energy flow further threaten ecosystem resilience and functionality. The cascading effects of biodiversity loss on ecosystem stability, including reduced ecosystem services such as pollination, water purification, and climate regulation. These disruptions not only affect natural systems but also have significant socio-economic consequences for human populations.
Effects of Acupressure on Anxiety Reduction in Preoperative Patients
Preoperative anxiety is a common psychological response among patients awaiting surgical procedures and is often associated with increased stress, elevated blood pressure, prolonged recovery, and higher analgesic requirements. Non-pharmacological interventions are increasingly being explored to complement standard medical care. This study examines the effects of acupressure on anxiety reduction in preoperative patients and evaluates its potential as a safe, cost-effective supportive therapy. The application of acupressure at specific therapeutic points prior to surgery and assesses changes in anxiety levels using validated psychological scales and physiological indicators such as heart rate and blood pressure. The findings indicate that acupressure significantly reduces preoperative anxiety compared to routine care alone. Patients receiving acupressure demonstrated lower self-reported anxiety scores and improved physiological stability before surgery.
Smartphones Between Learning and Social Isolation: A Case Study of Middle School Students
This study investigates the dual role of smartphones in the lives of middle school students, focusing on their impact on both learning processes and social isolation. While smartphones have become essential educational tools that facilitate access to information, digital learning platforms, and interactive educational resources, their excessive use may also contribute to reduced face-to-face interaction and increased social withdrawal. The study highlights the paradoxical nature of smartphone use among adolescents, where the same device that enhances learning opportunities can simultaneously weaken real-world social relationships. It also examines behavioral, psychological, and educational dimensions of smartphone dependency, emphasizing its influence on attention span, academic performance, and peer interaction. The research concludes that the impact of smartphones depends largely on patterns of use, parental supervision, and educational integration.
Sustainable Fashion Consumption: Behavioral Drivers and Barriers in Emerging Markets
The global fashion industry is undergoing growing scrutiny due to its environmental footprint, resource intensity, and labor practices. While sustainable fashion initiatives have gained traction in developed economies, consumer adoption patterns in emerging markets remain uneven and underexplored. the behavioral drivers and barriers influencing sustainable fashion consumption in emerging economies, where rising incomes, urbanization, and digital connectivity are reshaping purchasing behavior. determinants such as environmental awareness, social norms, cultural values, price sensitivity, brand trust, and perceived product quality. Although consumers in emerging markets increasingly express concern about environmental issues, a gap often exists between pro-environmental attitudes and actual purchasing decisions. High price premiums, limited availability of sustainable apparel options, lack of credible certification, and information asymmetry frequently discourage adoption. Behavioral factors such as status signaling, peer influence, and habit persistence further shape consumption patterns.
Journalistic Correspondent in Algeria and Local News Between Legal Constraints and Professional Ethics
The journalistic correspondent is considered an important source for providing media outlets with news and facts, especially those related to local affairs, given the utmost importance that press institutions attach to local news and what relates to citizens’ daily life or local development policies. Based on this perception, the role of the journalistic correspondent has become very essential in conveying the concerns and interests of the local public to the authorities responsible for solving their problems and finding appropriate means to improve their social conditions and living circumstances. This has pushed media outlets to allocate a significant space in their programs and journalistic coverage to everything that is local. The attention given to local events and issues has made the presence of journalistic correspondents in all provinces an unavoidable necessity to monitor the extent of the implementation of state policy on the ground in various fields and sectors, especially in relation to “shadow areas” in the first degree. From here, the pen of the journalistic correspondent must be of high quality and his vision must be sharp, and he must respect the ethics of his profession. However, this is not sufficient, as his work requires a human and civilizational awareness through which he adheres to the standards of objectivity, neutrality, integrity, and honesty.
Acupressure for Nausea and Vomiting in Chemotherapy Patients
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remain among the most distressing adverse effects experienced by cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic treatment. Despite advances in antiemetic pharmacotherapy, including serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, neurokinin-1 (NK1) inhibitors, and corticosteroids, a significant proportion of patients continue to report breakthrough or delayed symptoms. Persistent nausea and vomiting can compromise nutritional status, reduce treatment adherence, and negatively affect overall quality of life. Consequently, interest has grown in complementary interventions that may enhance symptom control with minimal side effects. Acupressure, a non-invasive technique derived from traditional East Asian medicine, involves the application of manual pressure to specific acupoints, most commonly the Pericardium 6 (P6 or Neiguan) point located on the inner wrist. the efficacy of acupressure as an adjunctive therapy for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that stimulation of the P6 point may reduce the frequency and severity of acute and delayed nausea, decrease episodes of vomiting, and improve patient comfort.
Automated Handling of Suicidal Tendencies: A Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Mental Health Support Platforms (Chatbots/AI) Abby and Wellzy in Assessing Graduated Risk Levels
This study aims to define the boundaries of clinical perception and conduct a critical evaluation of crisis response sensitivity of two AI mental health platforms (Chatbots), Abby and Wellzzy, by analyzing their initial, automated responses to messages conveying suicidal ideation across a severity spectrum from direct declarations to oblique hints. To systematically navigate this inquiry, the methodology involved crafting three concise, opening-message scenarios which were submitted to each platform, followed by a rigorous analysis of every response against a comprehensive framework, as this framework evaluated critical dimensions including the systems' ability to identify both explicit and implicit warning signs, their response latency, the nature of support offered—categorized as either emotional consolation or concrete referral—alongside the practical utility of the guidance and its suitability for a global user base. And for greater precision in the analysis, the responses from the two platforms were analyzed according to the RUD scale (Risk, Urgency, Dangerousness). The results unveiled a complex landscape characterized by both unsettling differences and superficial similarities between the platforms, yet underscored profound and systemic shortcomings common to both, as while basic recognition of explicit keywords was evident, the analysis revealed a frequent failure to adequately interpret implicit distress cues, with responses often defaulting to generic, scripted empathy that lacked appropriate urgency. And a complete lack of alignment with the criteria of the RUD scale.
Gene Expression Regulation in Eukaryotic Cells: Mechanisms and Significance
Gene expression regulation in eukaryotic cells is a highly coordinated and dynamic process that ensures genes are expressed at the right time, place, and intensity. This regulation is essential for cellular differentiation, development, and adaptation to environmental changes. In eukaryotes, gene expression is controlled at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational stages, making it more complex than in prokaryotic systems. At the transcriptional level, regulatory elements such as promoters, enhancers, and silencers interact with transcription factors to initiate or inhibit gene activity. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modification, play a crucial role in altering chromatin structure and thereby influencing gene accessibility. Post-transcriptional regulation involves processes such as RNA splicing, editing, and transport, which determine the stability and functionality of messenger RNA. Additionally, microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs contribute to gene silencing and fine-tuning of gene expression. Translational and post-translational modifications further regulate protein synthesis and function, ensuring that proteins are correctly folded, modified, and localized within the cell. These multiple layers of control allow eukaryotic cells to respond precisely to internal and external signals.
Cultural Memory and the Poetics of Resistance: Reclaiming African Identity Through Narrative in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart
Cultural memory maintains a collective identity and serves as a site of resistance to the erasure caused by colonialism in African literature is the primary focus of this article. Specifically, the article uses Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart as the center of its analysis. This article investigates oral traditions, proverbs, communal ritualistic behaviours, and storytelling as forms of cultural memory; these cultural memories serve as living archives of the beliefs and values that shaped pre-colonial Africa). Meanwhile, Achebe uses narrative as a tool for reclaiming and reconstructing the historical consciousness of the Igbo people in relationship to colonialism’s systematic attempts to marginalize their ways of knowing and being . This article argues that African literary production is a fundamental act of epistemic resistance and cultural continuity. This article draws on the same theoretical frameworks and scholarly sources for the development of an interpretive framework focused on cultural memory, identity preservation, and narrative as transformative forces in postcolonial contexts.
The Environmental Impact of Fast Fashion: Lifecycle Assessment and Policy Implications
The rapid expansion of fast fashion has transformed global apparel consumption patterns by accelerating production cycles, lowering prices, and increasing product turnover. While this model has enhanced accessibility and economic growth within the fashion sector, it has also generated significant environmental consequences. High resource consumption, chemical-intensive processing, greenhouse gas emissions, and large volumes of textile waste have intensified concerns regarding the sustainability of contemporary fashion systems. the environmental impact of fast fashion through a lifecycle assessment (LCA) framework, evaluating resource use and emissions across raw material extraction, textile manufacturing, transportation, retail distribution, consumer use, and end-of-life disposal. The findings highlight substantial water and energy consumption in fiber production, particularly cotton and synthetic materials, as well as carbon emissions associated with globalized supply chains. Short product lifespans and limited recycling infrastructure further contribute to landfill accumulation and microplastic pollution.
Epigenetic Modifications and Their Role in Disease Development
Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations in the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene activity and maintaining normal cellular functions. Key epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of non-coding RNAs, all of which influence chromatin structure and gene accessibility in eukaryotic cells. the role of epigenetic changes in the onset and progression of various diseases. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns, such as hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes or hypomethylation of oncogenes, have been strongly associated with cancer development. Similarly, altered histone modifications can disrupt normal gene expression, contributing to neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic syndromes. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, also play a significant role in regulating gene expression and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. Environmental factors such as diet, stress, toxins, and lifestyle choices can influence epigenetic modifications, thereby linking external conditions with genetic regulation. Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are potentially reversible, making them promising targets for therapeutic interventions. Recent advances in epigenetic research have led to the development of novel diagnostic markers and treatment strategies, particularly in oncology and precision medicine.
Albert Camus: From the Silence of the World to Revolt
This article addresses the problem of man confronting a world that resorts to “silence” and refrains from providing explanations or revealing its meaning. This is the central issue raised by Albert Camus in his philosophical works and manifested in his literary writings. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that, no matter how incomprehensible the world may seem, man must not surrender to nihilism, but rather confront this cosmic “absurdity” through the act of “revolt.” As long as the individual possesses consciousness and will, he can break this existential silence and move from individual revolt to shared human solidarity. Instead of falling into despair, the rebellious human being chooses to embrace life in the heart of “hopelessness,” accepting suffering courageously and building happiness within limits and values that preserve human dignity.
The Mobile Library and Its Role in Enhancing Access to Knowledge in Shadow Areas: A Presentation of the Experience of the Main Public Reading Library of the Wilaya of M’Sila
By presenting the experience of the main public reading library in the Wilaya of M’Sila, this study examines the role of the mobile library in enhancing access to knowledge in shadow areas. It adopted a descriptive method and an interview with the chief curator of libraries. The study concluded that policies need to be developed to make the mobile library an essential component of library work while strengthening its use of digital technologies and paying attention to the training of human resources to improve their efficiency.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Optimizing Food Production and Quality Control
Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the food business by improving operational efficiency, making sure products are consistently high quality, and making the most of resources. From the processing of raw materials to the inspection of finished goods, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies like computer vision, machine learning, and deep learning provide novel ways to track and enhance the food manufacturing process. Artificial intelligence algorithms can automate manufacturing processes, improve supply chains, and forecast demand from massive datasets, all of which contribute to less waste and more efficiency in the food production industry. In quality control, systems driven by AI may monitor food products in real-time to find any flaws or impurities and make sure they are safe to eat. Improving food safety through risk prediction and emerging hazard identification is another area where AI is finding use. the various uses of artificial intelligence (AI) in the food industry, with an emphasis on innovative technology, advantages, disadvantages, and emerging trends. Artificial intelligence (AI) could revolutionize food production systems by increasing efficiency, decreasing room for human mistake, and encouraging more environmentally friendly procedures.
Artificial Intelligence as an Author: An Approach to Human–Machine Collaboration
This paper aims to address an important issue closely related to the tremendous development in the world of advanced digital technology, artificial intelligence techniques, and the multiplicity of their functions and uses, as well as the intertwining relationships among various fields, branches of knowledge, and arts, especially in relation to translation, editing, and text processing. It is no secret that writers have moved toward combining the literary and the technological, realizing the importance of this interaction, which resulted in interactive digital literature, and later in writings across various literary genres produced by machines (robots) or specialized programs, to the extent that distinguishing them from authentic human-produced works has become difficult and complex due to the narrowing gap or distance between human and robotic literature. Undoubtedly, the importance of this topic lies in its specificity and the issues it raises. Thus, we ask: Can the robot produce creativity similar to or surpassing human creativity? What is its position on the literary and critical scenes? And what challenges may it face in achieving its existence? These are the questions that this paper seeks to answer.
Innovations in Food Preservation Techniques: Advancements in Non-Thermal Technologies
Innovative preservation methods that reduce chemical and energy usage without sacrificing food's nutritional content, sensory qualities, or safety have become increasingly important in the food sector. Traditional food preservation procedures, such pasteurization and canning, can cause nutrients to be lost and textures to be degraded. Non-thermal food preservation technologies have come up as a potential replacement for these methods. cutting-edge methods for non-thermal preservation, such as cold plasma, ultraviolet (UV) light, pulsed electric fields (PEF), and high-pressure processing (HPP). The use of physical, electrical, or electromagnetic fields in food preservation is the basis of these technologies. By eliminating the need for high temperatures, these methods offer several benefits, including energy savings, extended shelf life, and minimum influence on food quality. new developments in these methods, how they work, and the range of foods that can benefit from them. Also included are regulatory factors, customer acceptance, and the difficulties of commercially scaling these technologies. a sustainable, health-conscious food business that may be shaped in the future by non-thermal food preservation technology.
The Disintegration of Traditional Bonds and the Reshaping of Family Values under Urban Expansion in Algeria
This study addresses the profound structural transformations within the Algerian social fabric and the repercussions of rapid urban expansion on family stability through a sociological approach that explores the interaction between physical space and value-based practices. It aims to analyze how the transition from traditional housing to modern residential patterns affects the nature of intergenerational relationships and their reflection on the values of solidarity and privacy, with a focus on spatial factors leading to the disintegration of the extended family and the restructuring of roles within the nuclear family. The findings of the study revealed that urban transformations have produced a complex social reality, contributing to the reinforcement of individual independence and the improvement of housing conditions, while simultaneously leading to the decline of traditional family support networks and the growing sense of isolation within modern neighborhoods. This, in turn, confirmed the importance of integrating the social dimension into urban policies in a manner that contributes to achieving a balance between the requirements of modernity and the preservation of solidarity ties, as well as ensuring a stable family environment within the context of current urban transformations.
Electric Vehicles and Environmental Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis with Conventional Vehicles
The increasing environmental concerns associated with climate change, air pollution, and fossil fuel depletion have intensified the need for sustainable transportation solutions. Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles due to their potential to reduce environmental degradation. This study presents a comparative analysis of EVs and conventional vehicles in terms of environmental sustainability, focusing on carbon emissions, energy efficiency, and overall ecological impact. The analysis reveals that EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality in urban areas. In contrast, conventional vehicles contribute heavily to carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Furthermore, EVs demonstrate higher energy efficiency, as electric motors convert a greater proportion of energy into usable power compared to internal combustion engines. EVs are not entirely emission-free when considering the entire lifecycle, including electricity generation and battery manufacturing. The environmental benefits of EVs largely depend on the energy mix used for electricity production, with renewable energy sources enhancing their sustainability. Additionally, concerns related to battery disposal and resource extraction remain significant challenges.
The Use of Oral History and Living Testimonies in Writing the Local History of the El-Wancharis Region (Battle of Bouzegza and Bab El-Bekouche as a Model)
Oral history and living testimonies are among the important sources that document events and details related to the local history of any region in Algeria, particularly in the absence of archival sources and documentary records concerning the period of the Liberation Revolution. This is achieved by exploiting the testimonies of mujahideen who experienced or participated in these events, by recalling their memories through interviews conducted by researchers and historians. However, in order to adopt these testimonies and employ them in historical writing, they must be subjected to a set of controls and standards and used in writing the history of the Liberation Revolution in general, or the local history of any region of Algerian territory. This also applies to writing the local history of the El-Wancharis region during the Liberation Revolution. This region was marked by major events, battles, and confrontations against French colonialism, and it is not possible to cover all the details of these events except through the use of living testimonies of those who participated in or witnessed these battles. In this paper, we will highlight two important battles: the first is the Battle of Bab El-Bekouche, considered the second after the Battle of El-Djurf (1955), due to the heavy losses inflicted on the French army; in addition to the Battle of Mount Bouzegza, which bore witness to the bravery of the Algerian people and their determination to achieve freedom from the French occupier. In order to achieve the objective of the study, which is the use of testimonies for the construction and historical synthesis of the events of both battles, and through which we aim to reach historical truth and verify it as much as possible, it is necessary to establish criteria and conditions to consider them as a primary source for documenting the events of the two battles.
Role of Government Policies in Promoting Electric Vehicle Adoption in Emerging Economies
The transition toward sustainable transportation has become a global priority, particularly in emerging economies where rapid urbanization and rising vehicle demand contribute significantly to environmental degradation. Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. In this context, government policies play a critical role in accelerating EV adoption by addressing economic, technological, and infrastructural barriers. the role of government interventions in promoting EV adoption across emerging economies, focusing on policy instruments such as financial incentives, subsidies, tax exemptions, and regulatory frameworks. It highlights how initiatives like purchase incentives, reduced registration fees, and investments in charging infrastructure have enhanced consumer acceptance and market growth. Additionally, policies supporting research and development, domestic manufacturing, and public-private partnerships have contributed to strengthening the EV ecosystem.
The Effect of Appointing Physical Education Teachers in Primary Education Institutions on The Curriculum, From the Perspective of Primary School Principals.
This study investigated the impact of appointing Physical Education teachers in primary education institutions on the curriculum, as seen by primary school principals. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach to test the study hypotheses. Data were collected using an appropriate instrument: the questionnaire. The study was conducted with a population of 172 male and female primary school principals. The sample included 30 principals, who were randomly selected from primary schools in the Ouargla Province for the 2023/24 academic year. The study yielded the following results: According to the viewpoints of primary school principals, there is an effect of appointing Physical Education teachers on the curriculum from a psychological perspective. - According to primary school principals, there is an effect of appointing Physical Education teachers on the curriculum from a cognitive (knowledge) perspective. - There is no effect of appointing Physical Education teachers on the curriculum for students from a psychomotor perspective, according to primary school principals. In light of the study findings, the researcher proposed a set of recommendations, including delivering lessons well and comprehensively; ensuring a suitable space is available for Physical and Sports Education practice so as not to disturb neighbouring classrooms; reconsidering curricula to align them with students’ abilities and the school’s available resources; adding a theoretical component to lessons; and holding meetings and seminars to keep teachers informed about developments in the subject at primary school level.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Predictive Data Analysis
Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have become a cornerstone of predictive data analysis, enabling organizations to extract meaningful insights and forecast future trends from large and complex datasets. the role of various machine learning algorithms, such as regression models, decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks, in improving prediction accuracy and decision-making processes. These algorithms learn patterns from historical data and apply them to predict outcomes in domains such as finance, healthcare, marketing, and supply chain management. how predictive analytics powered by machine learning enhances efficiency, reduces uncertainty, and supports strategic planning. It also discusses the importance of data quality, feature selection, and model evaluation in achieving reliable predictions. Despite its advantages, the study acknowledges challenges such as overfitting, data bias, computational complexity, and interpretability issues. machine learning algorithms play a vital role in transforming raw data into actionable knowledge, making predictive data analysis more accurate, scalable, and valuable for modern organizations.
School-Based Speech-Language Pathology for Persons with Special Needs in Algeria: Reality and Prospects
This paper presents the idea of the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) and his role in supporting the education of special needs students in light of the evidence-based international standards applied in this field. Four concepts, which are crucial to the research, take place within such a diagnostic map of this reality: isolated clinical care, the delayed referral system, fragmentation of the march in care, functional under-coordination. The descriptive, analytical, critical, and comparative approach was adopted in the study based on the use of international academic sources such as guidelines of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and guidelines of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF-WHO), as well as available Algerian laws and researches. The paper highlights a structural gap between Algerian practice and international standards identified by a lack of integrated institutional structure, poor university training for careers and predominance of the therapeutic model over a preventive and educational approach. It ends with suggestions for reform to move from the passive clinical approach to a complete preventive school health approach.
Neurobiological Basis of Stress and Its Impact on Cognitive Function
Stress is a complex physiological and psychological response that significantly influences brain function and behavior. The neurobiological basis of stress involves the activation of interconnected systems, primarily the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These systems regulate the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in preparing the body to respond to perceived threats. how acute and chronic stress affect brain structure and cognitive processes. While short-term stress can enhance alertness and memory formation, prolonged exposure to stress hormones can lead to detrimental effects on key brain regions, including the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. Chronic stress has been associated with impaired memory, reduced attention, poor decision-making, and decreased cognitive flexibility. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying stress responses, such as neurotransmitter imbalances, synaptic plasticity changes, and neuroinflammation. Additionally, individual differences in stress resilience and coping mechanisms are considered, highlighting the role of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors.
Analysis of early obesity symptoms in children aged 11-12 years, a case study from southern Algeria
The objectives of this study are to analyse morphological data and determine the body profile of schoolchildren aged 11 to 12. Our sample consists of 90 children from primary schools in the municipality of Laghouat, in southern Algeria. To develop the research tool, we used anthropometric measurements and assessed body mass index (BMI) to identify earlier obese children and those at risk of obesity. In order to properly supervise and guide these children towards appropriate sports activities, we studied their physical fitness based on basic physical tests, so that we could assess their body mass index at the same time. The experimental procedures and statistical analysis show that there is a correlative relationship between body mass index and physical fitness, with a correlation coefficient of -0.437 and a T-test of -1.310, at a significance level of 0.005*, which shows strong significance. Between the practice of children's activities at the age of 11-12 years and the body mass index which represents an essential indicator of early obesity.
Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Modern Society
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology that is reshaping various aspects of modern society. the growing influence of AI across multiple sectors, including healthcare, education, business, transportation, and communication. AI-driven systems enhance efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making by analyzing large volumes of data and automating complex processes. The economic benefits of AI, such as increased productivity and innovation, along with its role in creating new job opportunities. However, the rapid adoption of AI also raises significant challenges, including ethical concerns, data privacy issues, job displacement, and the need for regulatory frameworks. the importance of responsible AI development and the need for policies that ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability. Overall, AI has the potential to significantly improve human life, but its long-term impact depends on how effectively society manages its risks and opportunities.
Analysis of Some Therapeutic Methods for Improving the Morphological Profile of Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Aged 40–60 Years
This study aimed to determine the effect of walking at the “LIPOXmax” point on some morphological variables in male patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40–60 years, through several morphological indicators, namely body mass, body fat percentage, and abdominal fat percentage. To achieve this, a specific and carefully designed training program was developed in line with the needs and characteristics of this group. The program included walking exercises at the “LIPOXmax” point and lasted long enough to show its effectiveness. The results of the statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences for each variable in the study, which indicates that the implemented program produced positive results and highlights the importance of walking for this group. The analysis of these results showed that walking at the “LIPOXmax” point in patients with type II diabetes aged 40–60 years leads to a reduction in overall body fat percentage, as well as a decrease in abdominal fat percentage. It also has a positive effect on reducing body mass.