Exploring the Role of Dark Matter in Galactic Formation and Evolution

Abstract

One of the most enigmatic components in astrophysics is dark matter, which makes up around 27% of the mass-energy content of the universe. Gravitational effects on radiation, large-scale cosmic structures, and visible matter have led scientists to deduce its existence. the critical function of dark matter in the evolution and development of galaxies, with an emphasis on the role it plays in the processes of galaxy formation, structure, and expansion. Dark matter's role in the development of cosmic structures including clusters, superclusters, and galaxies is shown through gravitational lensing, rotation curves, and simulations. Dark matter's function in the early cosmos, when galaxies were still being formed and recombination was taking place, and how it continues to shape the structure of galaxies now. Additionally, we explore the role of dark matter in controlling star formation, the dispersion of dark halos, and galactic mergers. Also covered is the interaction of dark matter with other astronomical events like cosmic microwave background radiation and supermassive black holes. the present state of dark matter research as well as its future prospects, focussing on the possible discoveries that could shed light on its enigmatic characteristics and its place in the overarching story of cosmic evolution, despite the fact that dark matter is invisible to the naked eye.