Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Integration: Toward a Low-Carbon Transport System

Abstract

The transition to a low-carbon transport system requires the simultaneous electrification of mobility and decarbonization of electricity generation. Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely recognized as a critical pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, yet their environmental benefits depend largely on the carbon intensity of the power systems that supply them. Integrating EV deployment with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind offers a transformative opportunity to align transport electrification with clean energy expansion. the synergies and challenges associated with integrating EVs into renewable-dominated power systems. On one hand, rising EV adoption increases electricity demand and may strain grids if charging is unmanaged. On the other hand, EVs provide flexible load capacity and distributed storage potential that can help balance variable renewable generation. Smart charging strategies, time-of-use pricing, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies enable EVs to absorb excess renewable energy during periods of high generation and supply electricity back to the grid when demand peaks.