The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on the Development of Users’ Metacognitive Skills: A Meta-Analysis of Previous Studies

Abstract

This study, entitled “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on the Development of Users’ Metacognitive Skills: A Meta-Analysis of Previous Studies,” aimed to estimate the overall effect size of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in developing metacognitive skills. It also sought to examine the degree of homogeneity among the results of previous studies and to diagnose the possibility of publication bias and its impact on the reliability of the findings.
The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach using the meta-analysis method. The study population consisted of 60 studies identified through multiple scientific databases, while the analytical sample was limited to 10 Arab and international studies selected through simple random sampling according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.
To answer the study questions, effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d and corrected using Hedges’ g to avoid small-sample bias. Data were statistically processed using SPSS and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Homogeneity tests (Q and I²) were applied, and the appropriate statistical model was selected. In addition, publication bias was diagnosed using funnel plots, Egger’s test, and the Trim and Fill method.
The results of the study revealed a statistically significant positive effect of AI applications on the development of students’ metacognitive skills, with some variation among studies. However, publication bias correction procedures demonstrated the stability of the overall results, thereby enhancing the reliability of the conclusions reached.